ATM67-213_Physiology of Cardiovascular System

What is the function of the heart?

• To pump blood throughout the body

• Responsible for breathing air

• Filters toxins from the blood

• Produces hormones for digestion

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells?

• Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria.

• Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum.

• Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity.

• Only cardiac muscle has gap junction.

What is the hemodynamics of blood?

• The study of blood flow, pressure, and resistance in the circulatory system

• Hemodynamics focuses solely on oxygen transport in blood.
• Hemodynamics is the measurement of blood viscosity only.
• Hemodynamics refers to the study of heart anatomy.

What controls the circulatory system?

• The respiratory system and muscles.
• The digestive system and enzymes.
• The skeletal system and ligaments.
• The autonomic nervous system and hormones.

Binding of calcium to                     is primary mechanism involved in regulating cardiac muscle tension development.

• troponin I

• troponin C

• actin
• myosin

During the process of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, ............................................

• ATPase bound to actin hydrolyzes ATP to supply energy.

• ATP is required for contraction but not relaxation.

• Calcium enters the cell through ryanodine receptors.

• Calcium enters the cell and stimulates calcium release by the SR.

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria?

• P wave

• T wave

• QRS complex

• None of the answer

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle?

• Atrial systole

• Ventricular systole

• Closing of the semilunar valves

• Closing of the atrioventricular valves

What is the primary role of the pulmonary circulation?

• To regulate blood pressure

• To filter blood through the kidneys

• To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs

• To supply oxygenated blood to the body

Which ion is crucial for initiating cardiac muscle contraction?

• Potassium

• Sodium

• Chloride

• Calcium