Which classification best describes automatic controls in marine engineering based on methodology?

• Feedback, feedforward, optimal, sequential

• Hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical

• Steering, propulsion, cargo

• Manual and automatic only

Optimal control in a ship's propulsion aims to:

• Minimize fuel usage while meeting performance demands

• Keep engine running at constant RPM always

• Eliminate all feedback mechanisms

• Operate entirely without automation

Feedback control in marine systems adjusts outputs by:

• Measuring output and correcting deviations

• Predicting disturbances before they happen

• Avoiding any sensor input

• Manual adjustments only

Feedforward control is most effective when:

• Disturbances can be measured before they affect output

• Only historical data is available

• System requires no input changes

• Sensors are unreliable

On-Off control is typically used in marine systems to:

• Switch devices fully on or off based on set limits

• Gradually adjust output

• Optimize energy consumption continuously

• Sequence multiple operations

Sequential control ensures:

• Operations follow a fixed order

• Output changes continuously

• All devices operate simultaneously

• No feedback is used

In PID control, the derivative term:

• Predicts error trends to improve stability

• Eliminates steady-state error

• Speeds up response

• Simplifies control logic

Program control operates by:

• Following a stored sequence of steps

• Adjusting continuously based on feedback

• Manual intervention only

• Randomly activating devices

Automatic controls are applied in marine systems to:

• Improve efficiency, safety, and reliability

• Reduce crew workload only

• Replace manual navigation

• Increase complexity unnecessarily

Program control in a boiler start-up sequence ensures:

• Steps occur in correct order automatically

• Operator performs all steps manually

• Feedback is unnecessary

• Random operation