Clinical - MS Cardio 2

Imagine you're a nurse monitoring a patient's heart during a busy shift at the hospital. What does the term 'cardiac preload' refer to in this specific scenario?

• Amount of blood leaving the heart to the body

• Pressure in the arteries during heart contraction

• Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

• Amount of blood available to be pumped out

    John, a 54-year-old man, comes to the clinic complaining of swelling in his legs and noticing his neck veins appear more prominent than usual. Based on these symptoms, which type of heart failure is John most likely experiencing?

• Left-sided heart failure

• Right-sided heart failure

• Congestive heart failure

• Pulmonary heart failure

Imagine a patient with heart failure is prescribed medication by their doctor. What is the primary function of this medication if it's a diuretic?

• They increase heart rate to improve cardiac output

• They reduce blood volume to decrease heart workload

• They thicken the heart muscle for stronger contractions

• They directly repair damaged heart tissue

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac ablation?

• Electric shocks are provided via electrodes

• Pacing wires are sutured to the epicardium

• Heat or cold is used to destroy normal/healthy cardiac tissue

• Following the procedure the leg used for catheter access is immobilized for several hours

Your patient s/p CABG surgery is describing to you palpitations and you palpate an irregularly irregular pulse. This may be due to:

• Ventricular fibrillation

• Temporary atrial fibrillation

• Bigeminy premature ventricular contractions

• First degree AV block

disease caused by hardening of the arteries

• endocarditis

• myocarditis

• atherosclerosis

• angina pectoris

What is the definition of infarct in the context of coronary artery disease?

• Area of ischemic necrosis with myocardial damage

• Temporary impairment of circulation

• Fatty material buildup in the arteries

• Obstruction of blood flow

Which of the following is not a risk factor of Coronary Artery Disease.

• Family History

• Gender

• Height

• Age

What happens if the veins in the lower extremities don't have valves?

• Blood flows in one direction towards the heart

• Blood pools in the legs

• Blood circulation improves

• Varicose veins disappear

Answer explanation

If the veins in the lower extremities don't have valves, blood pools in the legs. This happens because without valves, blood cannot flow properly against gravity and accumulates in the lower limbs.

What is the primary function of valves in the veins of lower extremities?

• Regulating blood pressure

• Preventing blood from flowing backward

• Controlling the flow of nutrients

• Transporting oxygen to the muscles

Answer explanation

Valves in the veins of lower extremities prevent blood from flowing backward, ensuring efficient circulation.