A2.2 Cell Structure IBDP Biology

What is the main advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

• Lower cost
• Portability
• Higher resolution
• Color imaging

Answer explanation

Electron microscopes have much higher resolution than light microscopes, allowing visualization of smaller structures.

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

• Nucleus
• Mitochondrion
• Golgi apparatus
• Ribosome

Answer explanation

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and produce ATP.

Which structure is found in all cells?

• Nucleus
• Chloroplast
• Plasma membrane
• Mitochondrion

Answer explanation

All cells have a plasma membrane that encloses the cytoplasm.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

• Protein synthesis
• DNA replication
• Protein modification and packaging
• Lipid synthesis

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?

• Lysosome
• Mitochondrion
• Nucleus
• Rough ER

Answer explanation

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

What is the correct formula for calculating magnification?

• Image size / Actual size
• Actual size / Image size
• Image size × Actual size
• Image size + Actual size

Answer explanation

Magnification is calculated by dividing the image size by the actual size of the object.

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

• Protein synthesis
• Lipid synthesis
• DNA replication
• ATP production

Answer explanation

The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis?

• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Golgi apparatus
• Nucleus

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Which microscope technique uses antibodies tagged with fluorescent dyes?

• Cryo-EM
• Phase contrast
• Immunofluorescence
• Brightfield

Answer explanation

Immunofluorescence uses antibodies with fluorescent tags to visualize specific proteins.

Which of the following is visible only with an electron microscope?

• Cell wall
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Plasma membrane

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are too small to be seen with a light microscope and require electron microscopy.