TEST 8ES1 Unit 1 Earth's Interior

What would the INDEPENDENT variable be in an experiment testing which types of paper airplane goes furthest?

• the paper used

• the type of paper airplane

• the distance of each plane's flight

• how hard the plane is thrown

You calculated the density of an unknown substance to be 7.8g/cm³.

According to the chart, which of the substances do you most likely have?

• Zinc

• Copper

• Tin

• Iron

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which object has the highest density in this picture?

• A

• B

• C

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which liquid is the least dense?

• oil
• water
• syrup 
• plastic bottle

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Put the liquids in order from most dense to least dense?

• 4, 3, 2, 1
• 1, 2, 3, 4
• 3, 4, 2, 1, 
• 4, 3, 1, 2

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Starting from the bottom, label the liquid with highest density to lowest density.

a

b

c

d

e

 dish soap 1.03 g/cm3

water 1.00 g/cm3

 vegetable oil 0.91 g/cm3

 honey 1.36 g/cm3

 corn syrup 1.33 g/cm3

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

A group of students wants to model how density affects the layering of materials. They set up three clear cylinders. In each cylinder, they pour different liquids in the same order: oil, water, and syrup. They record how long it takes for the liquids to separate into layers.

Question:
In this investigation, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable?

• Independent variable: type of liquids used
  Dependent variable: time it takes to separate

• Independent variable: size of the cylinder
  Dependent variable: color of the liquids

• Independent variable: time it takes to separate
  Dependent variable: type of liquids used

• Independent variable: the order in which the liquids are poured
  Dependent variable: the density of each liquid

Scientists cannot see inside newly forming planets. Instead, they study how materials of different densities behave in laboratory models. For example, when oil, water, and syrup are carefully poured into a cylinder, the syrup sinks to the bottom, water stays in the middle, and oil floats on the top.

From this evidence, scientists conclude that when Earth was molten, denser materials like iron sank to the core and lighter materials like silicon and aluminum rose to form the crust.

Question:
Is this conclusion based on a direct or indirect observation?

• Direct observation, because scientists watched iron sink inside Earth.

• Direct observation, because samples were taken from Earth’s core.

• Indirect observation, because scientists used density models to infer how Earth’s layers formed.

• Indirect observation, because satellites photographed the layers forming inside Earth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

In an investigation, students mix four liquids with different densities. After settling, the order is oil (top), water, salt water, and syrup (bottom). Which process does this BEST model?

• Plate tectonics

• Planetary differentiation

• Radioactive decay

• Rock weathering

Name the layer of Earth that each letter represents.

• crust

• B

• mantle

• D

• inner core

• A

• outer core

• C

Tags

4.ESS2.4