Savvas Science States of Matter Thermal Energy

Solids, liquids, and gases can be compared and contrasted based on the motion of their particles. Which statement best describes the motion of particles in these three states of matter?

• Particles in solids vibrate in place, particles in liquids move past each other, and particles in gases move freely and rapidly.

• Particles in solids move freely, particles in liquids are fixed in place, and particles in gases vibrate in place.

• Particles in solids and liquids both move freely, while particles in gases are fixed in place.

• Particles in solids and gases both move past each other, while particles in liquids vibrate in place.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Thermal energy, temperature, and particle motion are related in which of the following ways?

• Thermal energy increases as particle motion and temperature increase.

• Thermal energy decreases as temperature increases and particle motion decreases.

• Temperature and particle motion are unrelated to thermal energy.

• Particle motion decreases as thermal energy and temperature increase.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which of the following lists all 6 phase changes?

• Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, deposition

• Melting, boiling, freezing, dissolving, condensation, evaporation

• Melting, freezing, oxidation, condensation, sublimation, combustion

• Melting, freezing, vaporization, precipitation, sublimation, deposition

A camper wants to make pasta at a cabin high in the Rocky Mountains, 3,000 meters above sea level. At this altitude, water boils at 90°C. Pasta needs water to reach 100°C in order to cook properly. Will the camper be able to cook pasta in boiling water at the cabin? Why or why not?

• No, because the boiling water is not hot enough to cook the pasta properly.

• Yes, because water boils regardless of altitude.

• Yes, because pasta can cook at any temperature.

• No, because water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude, making it unsafe.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which terms should be used to label the heating curve with time on the X-axis and temperature on the Y-axis?

• Gas, liquid, solid, melting point, boiling point

• Solid, plasma, freezing point, condensation point, gas

• Liquid, vapor, freezing point, melting point, condensation point

• Gas, solid, freezing point, boiling point, deposition

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Which of the following is an example of an object with high viscosity and one with low viscosity?

• Honey has high viscosity and water has low viscosity.

• Water has high viscosity and honey has low viscosity.

• Air has high viscosity and oil has low viscosity.

• Oil has high viscosity and honey has low viscosity.

Surface tension is best described as:

• The force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic sheet

• The tendency of solids to expand when heated

• The process by which a liquid turns into a gas

• The attraction between the particles of a solid

Select the correct differences between crystalline and amorphous solids.

• Crystalline solids have a definite melting point and regular arrangement of particles, while amorphous solids do not.

• Crystalline solids are always soft, while amorphous solids are always hard.

• Crystalline solids are liquids at room temperature, while amorphous solids are gases.

• Crystalline solids have irregular shapes, while amorphous solids have regular shapes.

Select the option that correctly gives 2 examples of crystalline solids and 2 examples of amorphous solids.

• Crystalline: Sodium chloride, Diamond; Amorphous: Glass, Plastic

• Crystalline: Glass, Plastic; Amorphous: Sodium chloride, Diamond

• Crystalline: Wood, Rubber; Amorphous: Ice, Quartz

• Crystalline: Sugar, Rubber; Amorphous: Diamond, Salt

Gases can be compressed into a smaller space. This means that:

• the particles of gas can be pushed closer together

• the particles of gas become larger

• the gas turns into a solid

• the gas cannot change its volume

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2