OT6 Prelims Quiz: FORs

Which Frame of Reference (FOR) focuses on strength, range of motion, and endurance?

• Motor Learning FOR

• Biomechanical FOR

• Neurodevelopmental Treatment FOR

• Cognitive FOR

The Biomechanical FOR is MOST applicable to children with:

• Cerebral palsy, brachial plexus injury, muscular dystrophy

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• ADHD and learning disabilities

• Hearing impairments

A child with limited ankle dorsiflexion and crouch gait is given AFOs and weight-bearing activities. Which FOR is this intervention most aligned with?

• Biomechanical FOR

• NDT FOR

• Motor Learning FOR

• Behavioral FOR

Which is a limitation of the Biomechanical FOR?

• Easily integrated with other FORs

• Risk of becoming exercise-oriented without occupational meaning

• Useful for orthopedic and neuromuscular disorders

• Targets observable impairments

The Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) FOR was developed by:

• Schmidt and Lee

• Pedretti and Early

• Bobath and Bobath

• Kielhofner

Which technique is MOST associated with NDT?

• Therapeutic handling and facilitation of postural alignment

• Task-specific repetition and random practice

• Cognitive restructuring

• Visual feedback with error-based learning

A 9-month-old with spastic quadriplegia shows persistent ATNR. Which approach is BEST?

• Constraint-induced movement therapy

• Facilitation techniques in supported sitting

• Repeated blocked practice of reaching

• Task-specific strengthening exercises

A key strength of NDT is that it:

• Directly addresses underlying impairments such as tone and reflexes

• Requires minimal therapist training

• Has the strongest research evidence base in pediatrics

• Focuses primarily on endurance

Which is a limitation of NDT?

• Requires intensive training and handling skills

• Directly targets abnormal tone

• Empowers caregivers by teaching handling strategies

• Integrates postural control in function

The Motor Learning FOR emphasizes:

• Inhibition of abnormal reflexes

• Practice, feedback, and task-specific repetition

• Stretching, strengthening, and positioning

• Increasing joint alignment