AP Euro Period 1 (Renaissance to Reformation)

The development of the printing press had which of the following general effects on Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

• It significantly enhanced the authority of the Catholic Church in all parts of Europe.

• It significantly diminished the ability of monarchs to effectively centralize their states.

• It significantly contributed to the spread of new ideas across Europe.

• It significantly fueled rivalries between European states for overseas colonies.

The development of the printing press had which of the following effects on the Renaissance?

• It aided the spread of Renaissance ideas beyond Italy.

• It diminished interest in Greek and Roman classics.

• It encouraged universities to focus exclusively on theology.

• It discouraged the spread of new scientific ideas.

The printing press encouraged the growth of vernacular (non-Latin) literature. Which of the following best explains the long-term effect this development had on Europe?

• It encouraged the adoption of a single literary language across most of Europe.

• It encouraged the development of distinct national cultures in Europe based on shared languages.

• It discouraged the efforts of religious reformers across Europe.

• It discouraged the spread of secular education across Europe.

Participants in the Northern Renaissance, such as Erasmus, differed from participants in the Italian Renaissance in which of the following ways?

• They focused more on emulating Greek and Roman political traditions.

• They focused more on paintings and architecture that followed classical styles.

• They focused more on humanism as a mechanism for religious reform.

• They focused more on commissioning artworks to enhance their prestige.

The Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance shared an emphasis on which of the following artistic styles and themes?

• Subjective representations of the painter’s emotional state

• Naturalistic representations of human-centered subjects using geometric perspective

• The incorporation of cultural themes from overseas colonies

• The realistic depiction of social problems such as poverty and corruption

In which of the following ways did new monarchs such as Queen Elizabeth of England move to centralize government authority in the 1500s and 1600s?

• By granting more power to the nobility

• By monopolizing taxation and the use of military force

• By recognizing the pope as the leader of Christian Europe

• By allowing religious diversity within their states

The development of new monarchies in the 1400s and 1500s occurred at the same time as the growth in power and influence of

• merchant and professional groups

• the peasantry

• the traditional aristocracy

• members of religious orders

In 1558 Queen Elizabeth issued a decree that attempted to restrict and control the manner of preaching and religious teachings in England. Her action best represents which of the following?

• Efforts to strengthen the central government by curbing the power of the aristocracy

• Cultural changes as a result of contact with non-European societies during the voyages of exploration

• Growing secularization in political philosophy as influenced by Machiavelli and other writers

• Monarchical reforms designed to give governments greater control over religion and morality

Which of the following granted limited freedom of worship?

• Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses that criticized the papacy in 1517

• The Act of Supremacy in 1534 that established the Anglican Church

• The decrees of the Council of Trent (1545–1563)

• The Edict of Nantes (1598)

What is the main reason that Spain remained Roman-Catholic, despite the spread of Protestantism?

• The Printing Press had not yet diffused Spain, so the Spanish could not read the translated teachings of Martin Luther, and therefore did not have a chance to convert.

• The lasting effects of the Spanish Inquisition ensured the majority of the population was already Catholic, and because non-Catholics were still being persecuted, the Spanish did not convert.

• The 95 Theses were banned in Spain by the Jesuits who worked under the Pope, and anyone found reading them would be executed or exiled.

• The Spanish held a personal grudge toward Martin Luther because he was German.