Chapter 4 Vocabulary

What are gender stereotypes?

• Preconceived ideas, roles, and characteristics people associate with a certain gender.

• Biological differences between males and females.

• Cultural practices that vary from one society to another.

• Personal preferences in clothing and behavior.

What are mood swings?

• Sudden shifts in emotion.

• Consistent emotional state.

• A type of mental illness.

• A form of physical exercise.

What is emotional intelligence (EI)?

• Skill in perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions and feelings.

• The ability to solve complex mathematical problems.

• A measure of one's IQ and cognitive abilities.

• The capacity to memorize large amounts of information.

What is mental distress?

• A long-term emotional state characterized by happiness and contentment.

• A short-term mental and emotional state in which negative thoughts and feelings impair relationships, daily tasks, and enjoyment of life.

• A condition where one feels indifferent and apathetic towards life.

• An overwhelming sense of joy and fulfillment in daily activities.

What are cognitive distortions?

• Healthy patterns of thinking that are always grounded in reality.

• Unhealthy patterns of thinking that are often not grounded in reality.

• Thought processes that enhance problem-solving abilities.

• Rational thoughts that lead to positive outcomes.

What is self-actualization?

• The feeling of reaching one’s full potential through creativity, independence, spontaneity, and a grasp of the real world.

• A state of complete happiness and fulfillment without any challenges.

• The process of becoming aware of one's own personality and individuality.

• A psychological condition characterized by extreme anxiety and stress.

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs?

• A model of understanding human needs, in which basic needs are met before higher-level needs.

• A theory that suggests all human needs are equally important.

• A framework for categorizing human emotions and feelings.

• A method for measuring human intelligence and capabilities.

What is gender?

• Biological differences between males and females.

• Behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits and roles society associates with a biological sex.

• The physical characteristics of an individual.

• The legal status of being male or female.

What is personality?

• A combination of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique.

• A fixed set of traits that do not change over time.

• The ability to influence others' opinions and decisions.

• A measure of intelligence and cognitive abilities.

What are affirmations?

• Statements that acknowledge a person’s value and strengths.

• Random phrases with no meaning.

• Negative thoughts about oneself.

• Compliments given by others.