Unit 3 & 4: Vocabulary 3.2, East Asia

National Seclusion Policy

• Issued by Tokugawa shogun in 1635; prohibited Japanese from traveling abroad and kept foreigners out; limited relations with China, Korea, and Netherlands.

• Established in 1600, allowing free trade with all nations.

• Implemented by the Meiji government to promote international relations.

• A policy that encouraged Japanese citizens to travel abroad for education.

Matteo Ricci

• Portuguese Jesuit missionary who assimilated into Chinese culture and ran a Christian mission in China.

• Italian explorer known for his voyages to the Americas.

• Spanish artist famous for his paintings of religious themes.

• French philosopher who influenced the Enlightenment.

Tokugawa Period

• 1603-1868; movement away from Western influences; Christians persecuted; Japanese prohibited from traveling abroad (National Seclusion Policy); AKA the "Edo Period."

• A time of rapid industrialization and Westernization in Japan.

• The period of Japan's involvement in World War II.

• A time when Japan opened its borders to foreign trade and influence.

Daimyo

• Prominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection; commanded private armies of samurai.

• A type of traditional Japanese theater that combines music, drama, and dance.

• A Japanese term for a military leader or general.

• A style of Japanese painting characterized by its use of vibrant colors and intricate details.

Samurai

• A type of traditional Japanese dance

• Hereditary military elite in Feudal Japan and during Tokugawa Shogunate; translates literally to 'those who serve.'

• A popular Japanese cuisine

• A form of ancient Japanese poetry

Dutch trading empire

• A system of trade based on open markets and competition

• A network of fortified towns, factories, and warships with monopoly control of limited products

• A series of treaties that established trade routes in Europe

• A collection of colonies focused on agricultural exports

School of National Learning

• A Japanese ideology focusing on Western imports and modernization.

• A philosophy advocating for the adoption of Chinese cultural practices.

• A Japanese ideology emphasizing unique historical experience and revival of indigenous culture over Chinese imports.

• A movement promoting the study of foreign languages and cultures.

Qing Imperial Portraits

• Large portraits of Qing emperors to legitimize rule; expressed Manchu heritage and Chinese identity.

• Small sketches of Qing emperors for personal use.

• Paintings of Qing emperors created by foreign artists.

• Sculptures representing the daily life of Qing emperors.

Asian sea trading network

• Arab zone (glass, carpets, tapestries), India (cotton textiles), China (paper, porcelain, silks)

• European zone (spices, gold, silver)

• African zone (ivory, textiles, slaves)

• American zone (sugar, tobacco, cotton)

Mercantilists

• Economic theorists advocating for government promotion of limited imports and internal economies to improve tax revenues; popular in 17th and 18th century Europe.

• Advocates for free trade and minimal government intervention in the economy.

• Proponents of agricultural expansion and land ownership as the primary source of wealth.

• Supporters of industrialization and technological advancement as the main economic drivers.