SUMMATIVE TEST IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

The Greeks concluded that the Earth is spherical because:

• Ships disappear from sight all at once.

• The Moon’s shadow on Earth during an eclipse is curved.

• Stars appear in the same position everywhere on Earth.

• The Earth feels round when walking.

Eratosthenes was able to estimate the Earth’s circumference using:

• The curvature of the horizon

• The angle of shadows in two distant cities

• The reflection of sunlight on water

• The distance between the poles

Which ancient observation best supports the spherical Earth model?

• The changing height of stars with latitude

• The constant brightness of the Sun

• The phases of the Moon

• The constant shape of constellations

Before telescopes, astronomers observed the retrograde motion of planets. This refers to:

• The apparent backward movement of planets relative to stars

• The spinning of planets on their axis

• The movement of the Sun around Earth

• The elliptical path of comets

Which phenomenon was known before telescopes and helped develop the heliocentric model?

• Supernova explosions

• Planetary retrograde motion

• Solar flares

• Craters on the Moon

What made ancient astronomers suspect that planets move differently from stars?

• Planets change their brightness and position relative to stars

• Planets form fixed constellations

• Planets never rise or set

• Planets move only at night

The Greeks’ conclusion that the Earth is round was based primarily on:

• Logical reasoning and observation

• Religious beliefs

• Random speculation

• Telescope evidence

What ancient record helped early astronomers track celestial motion?

• Cave paintings

• Star maps and calendars

• Lunar missions

• Magnetic compasses

The Ptolemaic model of the universe describes:

• The Sun at the center of the planets

• The Earth at the center of all motion

• The Moon as stationary

• The planets moving in straight lines

The extensive data gathered by Tycho Brahe helped:

• Confirm the geocentric theory

• Formulate Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

• Discover black holes

• Invent the telescope