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The ribs, skull, vertebrae, and pelvis exemplify which skeletal system function by shielding delicate organs?

• Leverage

• Protection

• Support

• Blood cell production

• Storage of minerals

A typical human body contains 1–2 kg of calcium, with more than 98% deposited in bone. This fact best supports which function of the skeletal system?

• Support

• Protection

• Leverage

• Storage of minerals

• Blood cell production

Hematopoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow within the internal cavities of many bones. What primary output of this process is emphasized in the material?

• Calcium salts

• Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

• Synovial fluid

• Collagen fibers

• Osteoclast enzymes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which statement best differentiates the axial skeleton from the appendicular skeleton?

• Axial skeleton includes bones of the limbs; appendicular includes skull and vertebrae.

• Axial skeleton consists of skull, hyoid, sternum, rib cage, vertebral column, sacrum, and coccyx; appendicular includes limb bones and pectoral and pelvic girdles.

• Axial skeleton is only cartilage; appendicular is only bone.

• Axial skeleton contains 126 bones; appendicular contains 80 bones.

• Axial skeleton includes only long bones; appendicular includes only short bones.

Which bone shape is described as thin with roughly parallel surfaces that provide protection to underlying soft tissues and an extensive surface for muscle attachment?

• Long bones

• Short bones

• Flat bones

• Irregular bones

• Sesamoid bones

A small, flat, irregularly shaped bone that develops inside a tendon near a joint is best classified as which type?

• Short bone

• Sutural bone

• Irregular bone

• Sesamoid bone

• Long bone

Which region forms the long tubular shaft of a typical long bone and is composed primarily of compact bone?

• Epiphysis

• Diaphysis

• Metaphysis

• Medullary cavity

• Periosteum

The epiphyses of long bones are composed primarily of which bone type?

• Compact bone

• Trabecular (spongy) bone

• Woven bone

• Elastic cartilage

• Fibrocartilage

Which statement best describes the metaphysis of a long bone?

• It is the expanded end covered by articular cartilage.

• It is a narrow zone connecting diaphysis to epiphyses and includes the epiphyseal plate.

• It is the cavity filled with marrow within the shaft.

• It is the outer fibrous covering of bone.

• It is a tunnel for blood vessels into bone.

In childhood, the medullary cavity is filled with red bone marrow. With aging, it transforms primarily into which tissue?

• Elastic cartilage

• Yellow bone marrow

• Fibrocartilage

• Dense irregular connective tissue

• Synovial fluid