Final Exam Review U.S History 2025

Which phrase best summarizes the main motives driving European exploration during the Age of Discovery?

• Science, settlement, and sovereignty

• God, Gold, and Glory

• Peace, policy, and parliament

• Trade, tolerance, and technology

Which set lists technological advances that directly enabled long-distance voyages during the Age of Discovery?

• Compass

• Printing press

• Astrolabe

• Caravel

• Gunpowder

What was the Columbian Exchange? Select the most accurate description based on the section summary.

• A treaty dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal

• A transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World

• A network of European trade posts in Asia

• A system of mercantilist tariffs imposed on colonies

Match each explorer to the correct accomplishment.

• Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

• Samuel de Champlain

• Landed in the Caribbean while seeking western route to Asia

• John Cabot

• Founded Quebec for France

• Hernán Cortés

• Conquered the Incas in Peru

• Christopher Columbus

• Claimed lands in North America for England

• Francisco Pizarro

Which consequence of the Age of Discovery is most directly linked to the spread of diseases to the Americas?

• Competition among European powers for colonies

• Native population decline due to disease and conquest

• Growth of European city-states

• Rise of constitutional monarchies

Which development marks the beginning of a transatlantic system of forced labor emerging during the Age of Discovery?

• Feudalism

• Atlantic Slave Trade

• Industrial Revolution

• Serfdom in Eastern Europe

Select all effects that resulted from European colonization during the Age of Discovery.

• Native populations declined due to disease and conquest

• Beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade

• Immediate independence for most American colonies

• Increased competition among European powers for colonies

Which explorer was sponsored by Spain and sought a western route to Asia, ultimately landing in the Caribbean in 1492?

• John Cabot

• Samuel de Champlain

• Christopher Columbus

• Francisco Pizarro

Which characteristic best describes the Southern Colonies during Colonial America?

• Mixed economy with limited agriculture and emphasis on trade

• Plantation economy growing tobacco, rice, and indigo with slavery central

• Puritan religious foundations and small farms focused on subsistence

• Large-scale manufacturing centers with immigrant labor

Identify a defining feature of the Middle Colonies as summarized in the section.

• Homogeneous population with strict religious conformity

• Plantation system relying primarily on enslaved labor

• Diverse population and mixed economy, often called the "breadbasket"

• Frontier settlements with minimal trade and education