Exploring DNA, Protein Synthesis, and mutations 2005-2026

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It provides the code for assembling proteins.

• It forms the structure of ribosomes.

• It stores genetic information in the nucleus.

Which term describes a change in the DNA sequence?

• Mutation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Adenine

• Cytosine

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

• It copies DNA into RNA.

• It brings amino acids to the ribosome.

• It unwinds the DNA helix.

• It synthesizes mRNA.

Which part of a nucleotide is responsible for encoding genetic information?

• Phosphate group

• Nitrogenous base

• Deoxyribose sugar

• Ribose sugar

How does a change in the DNA sequence affect the protein produced?

• It always produces a longer protein.

• It can change the amino acid sequence, altering the protein's function.

• It never affects the protein.

• It only affects the sugar in the nucleotide.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Given the DNA sequence: ATG CCG TAA, what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?

• UAC GGC AUU

• AUG CCG UAA

• TAC GGC ATT

• ATG CCG TAA

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from GAA to GAG. What effect does this have on the protein produced?

• No effect, because both code for the same amino acid.

• The protein will be completely nonfunctional.

• The protein will be longer.

• The protein will be shorter.

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Which model best explains the process of translation in protein synthesis?

• DNA is copied into mRNA, which is then used to assemble amino acids into a protein at the ribosome.

• DNA is directly converted into protein in the nucleus.

• mRNA is converted into DNA, which then forms proteins.

• Proteins are assembled in the nucleus from DNA templates.

A scientist discovers a new organism with a unique DNA sequence. How could they use this information to predict the organism’s traits?

• By analyzing the nucleotide sequence to determine the proteins that will be produced.

• By counting the number of nucleotides in the DNA.

• By measuring the size of the DNA molecule.

• By observing the color of the DNA.

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