APUSH 4.6

What was a central economic transformation brought about by the Market Revolution?

• Reversion to subsistence farming across America

• Shift from local/subsistence economy to a national commercial economy

• Abandonment of trade with Europe

• Complete eradication of regional economic differences

Which of these was not a factor in the Transportation Revolution that helped integrate the national economy?

• Canals

• Railroads

• Subterranean telegraph tunnels

• Steamboats

What was one major social/cultural consequence of the Market Revolution?

• The end of urban growth

• The rise of a working-class identity and expansion of a consumer‑oriented middle class

• A universal return to rural farming lifestyles

• Decline of wage labor entirely

How did regional specialization emerge after the Market Revolution?

• All regions remained economically identical

• North focused on industry/manufacturing; South on cash‑crop agriculture (especially cotton); West on grains and livestock

• South industrialized, while North returned to agriculture

• The West became the center of textile manufacturing

Why did many artisanal workshops decline during this period?

• Because artisans all moved to the South for plantations

• Because wage‑labor jobs and factory production became more common and profitable

• Because the government banned artisan trades

• Because international imports made local products obsolete

Which of the following is a political impact of the Market Revolution?

• Elimination of all tariffs

• Decrease in sectional tensions

• Fueling sectional tensions — especially over slavery and economic systems

• Unanimous support for a national bank

What negative outcome did the Market Revolution produce for many laborers?

• Guaranteed job security for all

• Rise in economic inequality, with a growing class of property‑less working poor

• Decline of cities

• Universal suffrage for laborers

Which development helped make communication faster nationally during this period?

• Frequent horseback messengers

• The telegraph (Morse code) and improved mail/transport routes

• Pigeons as a postal system

• Smoke‑signal towers

Between 1840 and 1860, which two European nationalities made up the bulk of immigrants to the U.S.?

• Italians and Portuguese

• Irish and German

• Spanish and Polish

• Russian and Greek

Most Irish immigrants arriving in the U.S. during this period were:

• Wealthy landowners

• Poor, Catholic, and settled in northeastern cities working unskilled jobs

• German‑speaking industrialists seeking factory investments

• Indigenous people seeking refuge