Organ Systems and Cell Specialization

Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which statement BEST describes the role of organs within an organ system?

• Organs in a system work together for a specific function

• Organs in a system are made up of similar cells

• Organs in a system are made up of similar tissues

• Organs in a system work together to maintain all functions

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The diagram shows a stem cell differentiating into muscle, blood, nerve, intestinal, liver, and cardiac cells. What evidence from this model supports cell specialization?

• Specialized cells can revert to stem cells and keep structure

• Specialized cells can revert to stem cells with new function

• Specialized cells have a unique structure and function

• Specialized cells retain the same structure and function

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Which structure is typically present in both plant and animal cells?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplasts

• Centrioles

• Cell walls

A graph shows heart rate increasing at the start of exercise, peaking before exercise stops, then decreasing after stopping. What conclusion is supported by the data?

• Exercise has no impact because overall heart rate is unchanged

• Heart rate increases at onset due to greater oxygen demand

• Heart rate will never exceed 100 beats per minute

• Heart rate is highest after exercise due to oxygen needs

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Which statement BEST describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?

• Perspiration rids the body of excess water.

• Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.

• Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.

• Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.

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Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?

• more oxygen

• more nitrogen

• more carbon dioxide

• more water

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The image shows the structure of a nerve cell. The nerve cell has branches that develop during cell specialization. Which statement describes the specialization of the nerve cell?

• The nerve cell is long and has a tail to swim to fertilize eggs in the body.

• The nerve cell is cuboidal, squamous, and columnar shaped to form a barrier to protect the body.

• The nerve cell is disc-shaped to transport oxygen in the body.

• The nerve cell is very long and spread out to send electrical messages throughout the body.

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Which statement explains how unicellular organisms are able to survive without specialized cells?

• A unicellular organism conducts all life processes by itself.

• A unicellular organism conducts all life processes with the help of other organisms.

• A unicellular organism conducts all life processes with the help of its environment.

• A unicellular organism conducts all life processes by the division of labor.

Myosin is plentiful in muscle cells, but is not found at all in lens cells. Lens cells contain large amounts of crystallins, which are not found in muscle cells. Why do some proteins appear in one type of cell but not in another?

• Differentiated cells release unused proteins into the blood for other cells to use.

• During differentiation, certain genes are activated to produce proteins that enable specific functions.

• Differentiated cells produce all proteins but destroy the proteins they do not use.

• During differentiation, certain genes are added to cells to produce proteins that enable specific functions.

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In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will MOST likely

• cause the arteries to expand.

• decrease the heart rate.

• increase the heart rate.

• send fewer signals.

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