Unit 3: Development and Learning Overview

Which concept best captures the debate over whether behavior is more influenced by genetic inheritance or by experience and environment?

• Cross-sectional versus longitudinal debate

• Quantitative versus qualitative debate

• Cognition versus perception debate

• Classical versus operant debate

• Nature versus nurture debate

A researcher measures memory in 10-year-olds, 20-year-olds, and 30-year-olds at the same time point. Which design is being used?

• Sequential cohort design

• Experimental cohort design

• Case study life design

• Longitudinal research design

• Cross-sectional research design

Which statement accurately distinguishes classical conditioning from operant conditioning?

• Classical pairs stimuli to elicit responses, operant links behavior with consequences

• Classical measures medians and modes, operant measures means only

• Classical rewards voluntary behaviors, operant pairs two neutral stimuli

• Classical punishes behaviors after responses, operant builds innate reflexes

• Classical strengthens habits by reinforcement, operant forms reflexive salivation

A team tracks the same group of infants into adolescence to study language growth. Which advantage best justifies this design choice over a cross-sectional approach?

• It guarantees perfectly representative samples always

• It avoids participant attrition by adding new cohorts

• It requires fewer resources and less time overall

• It eliminates all confounding variables automatically

• It reveals individual developmental trajectories over time

On the AP free-response Article Analysis Question (AAQ), which task most directly demonstrates using evidence to support a defensible claim?

• Describing only ethical consent procedures in general

• Summarizing the abstract without data references

• Interpreting a reported mean within the study’s context

• Listing unrelated facts about prior famous experiments

• Speculating about results without citing statistics

Which topic in the unit is allocated the greatest number of instructional periods?

• Cognitive Development has three periods

• Social-Emotional Development has three periods

• Operant Conditioning has four periods

• Classical Conditioning has three periods

A scenario asks you to judge whether a study used appropriate research design elements in a non-experimental methodology. Which topic most directly targets this skill?

• Classical Conditioning and acquisition

• Communication and Language development

• Themes and Methods in Development

• Gender and Sexual Orientation across lifespan

You are given a data table about learning outcomes and asked to identify psychology-related concepts shown in the representations. Which topic best prepares you for this task?

• 3.5 Communication section skills

• 3.2 Physical Development section skills

• 3.7 Classical Conditioning section skills

• 3.9 Social, Cognitive factors section skills

Which classroom activity asks students to identify a research method and evaluate ethics in a published gender roles experiment, then design a follow-up study?

• Construct an argument using scenarios

• Misconception check with behavior lists

• Index card summaries with questions

• Quickwrite on experiment analysis and design

In the 'Ask the Expert' activity, which elements must be included in a student skit demonstrating classical conditioning?

• Reinforcement schedules and shaping

• NS, UCS, UCR, CS, CR elements

• IV, DV, control, randomization

• Encoding, storage, retrieval stages