Year 9 Sociology

Imagine a runaway trolley is heading toward five people tied to the main track. A lever beside you will divert the trolley onto a side track where one person is tied up. If you pull the level, this is an example of:

• Utilitarianism

• Deontology

Which statement best defines Deontology in ethics?

• An approach that judges actions by whether they follow moral rules or duties regardless of outcomes

• The view that the right action is whatever maximizes overall happiness for the greatest number

• A focus on cultivating personal character traits like courage and temperance

• Basing moral decisions on what most people in society currently prefer

Which statement best defines Utilitarianism in ethics?

• The ethical theory that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or minimizes total harm

• The view that actions are right only if they conform to strict rules and duties regardless of consequences

• A framework that prioritizes acting according to traditional virtues

• Choosing actions based primarily on legal requirements rather than moral evaluation

Which of the following is an example of family influence during socialisation?

• Encouraging polite greetings at meals

• Measuring students’ grades at school

• Broadcasting advertisements that promote products

• Writing national laws that apply to citizens

Which option best shows peer influence on behaviour?

• Pressuring someone to try a new fashion to fit in

• Assigning homework deadlines for a class

• Airing a TV show that sets trends

• Delivering a sermon about moral rules

Which option is an example of media influence?

• Promoting body ideals through repeated TV and social media adverts

• Setting classroom seating plans for students

• Planning weekend activities with friends

• Leading a community worship service

Which option best illustrates school influence?

• Requiring a uniform and punctual attendance

• Teaching friends’ slang during hangouts

• Publishing celebrity gossip in magazines

• Hosting a religious ceremony

Which option is an example of religious influence?

• Encouraging followers to avoid certain foods during holy days

• Issuing traffic fines on the road

• Grading science lab reports

• Setting weekly grocery prices at a shop

When it says social norms are “relative,” what does this mean?

• They can differ between cultures or change over time as generations alter what is seen as expected

• They are fixed by law and remain the same across all societies and time periods

• They are personal preferences that do not involve group expectations

• They are biological instincts that cannot be influenced by society

Material culture refers to what within a society or culture?

• The beliefs and values shared by a community

• The physical objects, artifacts, and tangible aspects created, used, and valued by a group

• The rules that govern acceptable social behavior

• The spoken and written forms of language