EOC - DNA and Protein Synthesis

Which components make up a DNA nucleotide?

• Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous base

• Ribose, phosphate, amino acid

• Deoxyribose, lipid, nitrogenous base

• Glycerol, phosphate, nitrogenous base

• Ribose, lipid, phosphate

Which bond connects complementary bases across the two DNA strands?

• Covalent bond between base pairs

• Peptide bond between sugars

• Ionic bond between phosphates

• Disulfide bond between adenines

• Hydrogen bond between base pairs

Chargaff’s rules state that in double‑stranded DNA, which pairing is correct?

• A pairs with G; C pairs with T

• A pairs with U; C pairs with G

• A pairs with T; C pairs with G

• A pairs with C; T pairs with G

• A pairs with T; C pairs with U

If a species has 26% adenine in its DNA, approximately what percentage is thymine?

• About 26 percent thymine

• About 13 percent thymine

• About 52 percent thymine

• About 74 percent thymine

• About 24 percent thymine

Which best describes DNA replication in cells?

• Conservative, the original helix stays completely intact

• Random, strands reassemble without a pattern

• Synchronous, all chromosomes copy simultaneously

• Semiconservative, each new helix has one old strand

• Dispersive, bases shuffle without strand templates

What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

• To produce ATP during cellular respiration

• To translate mRNA into functional proteins

• To copy genetic information before cell division

• To remove introns from pre‑mRNA

• To synthesize lipids for new membranes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

During replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork?

• Helicase unwinds the parental strands

• Ligase unwinds the parental strands

• Primase unwinds the parental strands

• Polymerase unwinds the parental strands

• Topoisomerase unwinds the parental strands

Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to a growing strand using a template?

• Helicase extends the new strand

• DNA ligase extends the new strand

• Topoisomerase extends the new strand

• DNA polymerase extends the new strand

• Primase extends the new strand

What complementary DNA strand matches the template sequence ACGCTTTAACGCT?

• TGCGAATTTGCGT

• ACGCTTTAACGCT

• TGCGAAATTGCGA

• TGCGAAATTGCGT

• UGCGAAAUUGCGA

Which process copies a gene from DNA into mRNA inside the nucleus?

• Translocation on the rough ER

• Translation in the cytoplasm

• Replication in the ribosome

• Transcription in the nucleus