Biology Spring Final Study Guide

Role of enzymes in photosynthesis

• Enzymes in the stroma facilitate the chemical reactions of the Calvin cycle, enabling the synthesis of glucose.

• Enzymes in the thylakoid membranes capture sunlight for photosynthesis.

• Enzymes in the chloroplasts convert oxygen into carbon dioxide.

• Enzymes in the cytoplasm transport glucose to the mitochondria.

Contribution of bacteria to an ecosystem

• Bacteria are primary producers that create energy through photosynthesis.

• Bacteria are biotic factors that play a role in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and supporting life processes.

• Bacteria are harmful organisms that only cause diseases in plants and animals.

• Bacteria are consumers that rely solely on other organisms for energy.

Carbohydrates are made of sugars like glucose.

• They are the primary energy source for the body.

• They are primarily used for building muscle.

• They are a type of protein.

• They are not essential for human health.

What is the role of herbivores in a food chain?

• Herbivores are primary consumers that feed on plants or producers.

• Herbivores are secondary consumers that feed on other animals.

• Herbivores are decomposers that break down dead organic matter.

• Herbivores are producers that create their own food through photosynthesis.

How is a food web different from a food chain?

• A food web shows only one feeding relationship between organisms.

• A food web is more realistic than a food chain because it shows multiple feeding relationships, where most organisms eat and are eaten by multiple species.

• A food web is a simplified version of a food chain.

• A food web only includes plants and herbivores.

Exponential vs. logistic growth

• Exponential growth occurs when a population grows rapidly without limits, while logistic growth includes a carrying capacity, leading to a leveling off.

• Exponential growth is characterized by a gradual increase in population size, while logistic growth leads to continuous growth without limits.

• Logistic growth occurs when a population grows rapidly without limits, while exponential growth includes a carrying capacity.

• Both exponential and logistic growth result in unlimited population growth.

What is the significance of interconnected food chains in a food web?

• They simplify the feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

• They show the complexity of feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem.

• They eliminate competition among species.

• They only represent the predator-prey relationships.

Effects of changes in biotic factors

• Changes in biotic factors can impact food chains, nutrient cycles, and the overall balance of the ecosystem.

• Changes in abiotic factors have no effect on ecosystems.

• Biotic factors only affect the population size of a species.

• Changes in biotic factors only impact the climate.

Lipids provide insulation for the body.

• They store energy and are found in fats, oils, and waxes.

• They are primarily composed of amino acids.

• They are a type of carbohydrate that provides energy.

• They are essential for the formation of nucleic acids.

NADPH in photosynthesis

• NADPH is produced during the Calvin cycle.

• NADPH is an electron carrier molecule produced during the light-dependent reactions.

• NADPH is used to absorb sunlight in plants.

• NADPH is a byproduct of cellular respiration.