Sociology: Social Facts and Concepts

Émile Durkheim, a key figure in sociology, introduced the concept of social facts, which are societal norms and behaviors that exert pressure on individuals. These facts are characterized by coercion, externality, and generality. They exist independently of individuals and are shared across society. Examples include language, laws, and customs, which shape social interactions and expectations.

Who is considered one of the founders of sociology alongside Émile Durkheim?

• Auguste Comte

• Max Weber

• Karl Marx

• Herbert Spencer

What is the primary object of study in sociology according to Durkheim?

• Social facts

• Political structures

• Individual behavior

• Economic systems

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social facts?

• Subjectivity

• Generality

• Exteriority

• Coercivity

What does coercivity of social facts imply?

• They are created by individuals

• They exert pressure on individuals

• They are voluntary

• They are unique to each person

Which example best illustrates the concept of coercivity?

• Inventing a new language

• Greeting someone with a handshake

• Creating a personal tradition

• Choosing a favorite color

What does exteriority of social facts mean?

• They are temporary

• They are subjective experiences

• They exist independently of individuals

• They are internal to individuals

Which of the following is an example of exteriority?

• Personal preferences

• Private emotions

• Social norms

• Individual thoughts

What does generality of social facts refer to?

• They are shared by many individuals

• They are created by individuals

• They are unique to each person

• They are temporary

Which of the following is NOT an example of a social fact?

• Language

• Religious traditions

• Personal hobbies

• Laws

Why is language considered a social fact?

• It is temporary

• It is a personal choice

• It exists independently of individuals

• It is created by individuals