eDNA Applications and Comparisons

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for tracking species by analyzing DNA fragments left in the environment. It helps scientists study hard-to-find animals by extracting DNA from soil or water. eDNA is particularly useful for monitoring rare or elusive species, as demonstrated in studies on bluegill sunfish and wood turtles. Despite challenges like DNA decay and environmental factors, eDNA offers a cost-effective and efficient method for species conservation. Its applications extend to various ecosystems, providing insights into biodiversity and aiding in the management of endangered species.

What is the primary advantage of using eDNA over traditional methods like camera traps?

• It can detect species without direct observation.

• It is less accurate.

• It requires more time.

• It is more expensive.

Why is mitochondrial DNA often used in eDNA studies?

• It is less abundant than nuclear DNA.

• It is more stable in the environment.

• It is easier to sequence.

• There are more copies per cell, making it easier to detect.

In the 2013 study on bluegill sunfish, what did eDNA reveal that visual surveys did not?

• The behavior of the fish.

• The diet of the fish.

• The presence of bluegill DNA in additional ponds.

• The exact number of fish in each pond.

What unexpected finding was made in the Baltic Sea using eDNA?

• DNA from a long-finned pilot whale.

• A new type of algae.

• A new species of fish.

• The presence of a rare plant species.

What challenge does eDNA face in ocean environments compared to freshwater?

• Higher temperatures.

• Less sunlight.

• Greater dilution and dispersal of DNA.

• More predators.

What was a key factor affecting eDNA detection in the wood turtle study?

• The time of day the samples were collected.

• Turtle density and environmental conditions.

• The type of water filter used.

• The color of the turtles.

How did eDNA surveying compare to human surveys in the wood turtle study?

• It required more manpower.

• It was more cost-efficient.

• It was less cost-efficient.

• It was less accurate.

Which of the following is NOT a species mentioned as being tracked by eDNA?

• Manatees

• Polar bears

• Mosquito larvae

• Golden mussels

What potential does eDNA have for conservation efforts?

• It may help monitor species on the brink of extinction.

• It is not reliable for conservation purposes.

• It can only be used for aquatic species.

• It is only useful for tracking invasive species.

What is a unique application of eDNA mentioned in the transcript?

• Tracking the migration of birds.

• Identifying earthworm communities.

• Measuring air pollution levels.

• Predicting weather patterns.