Atomic Structure and Radioactive Decay

This video tutorial by Mr. Anderson covers the atomic nucleus, discovered by Ernest Rutherford. It explains the structure of the nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, and how the number of protons defines an element. The concept of isotopes, which are variations of elements with different neutron counts, is introduced. The video also discusses radioactivity, the process of decay, and the concept of half-life, using uranium-238 as an example. Different types of radioactive decay, such as alpha, beta, and gamma decay, are explained, along with their implications for atomic stability and element transformation.

Who discovered the atomic nucleus?

• Albert Einstein

• Ernest Rutherford

• JJ Thompson

• Niels Bohr

What is the charge of a proton?

• Negative

• Neutral

• Variable

• Positive

Which of the following is an isotope of carbon?

• All of the above

• Carbon-14

• Carbon-13

• Carbon-12

What is the term for the time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay?

• Decay Constant

• Half-Life

• Decay Rate

• Radioactive Period

Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons?

• Delta Particle

• Gamma Radiation

• Beta Particle

• Alpha Particle

What element does uranium-238 become after losing an alpha particle?

• Lead

• Protactinium

• Thorium

• Radium

How long is the half-life of uranium-238?

• 3.5 billion years

• 4.5 billion years

• 2.5 billion years

• 1.5 billion years

What is the significance of the number of protons in an atom?

• It determines the isotope

• It determines the element

• It determines the charge

• It determines the atomic mass

What happens to the atomic nucleus during radioactive decay?

• It becomes stable

• It gains protons

• It loses electrons

• It breaks down

What do protons and neutrons together determine in an atom?

• The element

• The atomic number

• The isotope

• The charge