Chromosomes

The video tutorial explains the structure and function of chromosomes, which carry hereditary information in the form of DNA. It covers the biochemical composition of chromosomes, the storage of genetic information in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the structure of chromatin and nucleosomes. The tutorial also discusses chromosome numbers, ploidy, and the anatomy of chromosomes, including chromatids and centromeres. It classifies chromosomes based on centromere position and highlights their role in heredity, protein synthesis, and genetic variation.

What are chromosomes primarily composed of?

• Lipids and carbohydrates

• DNA and proteins

• RNA and lipids

• Proteins and carbohydrates

In which stage of cell division do chromatin threads condense into chromosomes?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Interphase

What is the term for a cell with two sets of chromosomes?

• Haploid

• Diploid

• Triploid

• Tetraploid

What is the primary function of the centromere?

• To store genetic information

• To hold sister chromatids together

• To synthesize proteins

• To replicate DNA

Which type of chromosome has the centromere located at one end?

• Telocentric

• Acrocentric

• Metacentric

• Submetacentric

What is the purpose of karyotype analysis?

• To measure the length of DNA

• To detect genetic abnormalities

• To determine the age of an organism

• To identify protein structures

What process leads to genetic variation during cell division?

• Replication

• Crossing over

• Translation

• Transcription