Practical Data Science using Python - Hypothesis Testing

The video tutorial explains hypothesis testing, a statistical method used to determine if observed differences are due to chance or are significant. It uses an example of testing paracetamol content in tablets to illustrate the process. The tutorial covers the steps involved, including calculating standard error and test statistics, and explains the concepts of null and alternate hypotheses. It also discusses the significance of P-values and how they help in decision-making regarding the null hypothesis.

What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing?

• To prove the null hypothesis

• To calculate the average of a sample

• To determine if an observed effect is due to chance

• To find the standard deviation of a population

In the given example, what is the expected paracetamol content in each tablet?

• 255 mg

• 245 mg

• 250 mg

• 240 mg

What is the first step in hypothesis testing?

• Determine the sample size

• Frame the null and alternate hypotheses

• Calculate the standard deviation

• Compute the P-value

Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?

• The person is a criminal

• The average content of paracetamol is not 250 mg

• The proportion of defective items is different in two samples

• The average content of paracetamol is 250 mg

What does a Z-test statistic of -3 indicate?

• The observed value is 3 standard errors below the expected value

• The observed value is not related to the expected value

• The observed value is 3 standard errors above the expected value

• The observed value is equal to the expected value

What is the significance level or P-value used to determine?

• The average of the sample

• The standard deviation of the population

• The probability of the null hypothesis being true

• The probability of the alternate hypothesis being true

What is the typical cutoff value used in hypothesis testing?

• 5%

• 1%

• 0.1%

• 10%

If the P-value is lower than the cutoff value, what decision is made?

• Reject the null hypothesis

• Accept the null hypothesis

• Accept the alternate hypothesis

• Reject the alternate hypothesis

What does a P-value of 0.13% indicate in hypothesis testing?

• A low probability of the alternate hypothesis being true

• A high probability of the null hypothesis being true

• A low probability of the null hypothesis being true

• A high probability of the alternate hypothesis being true

What is the role of the Z table in hypothesis testing?

• To compute the average of the sample

• To calculate the sample size

• To find the standard deviation

• To determine the area under the curve for a given Z value