Carbohydrate Structures And Functions In Living Organisms

Carbohydrates are biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, represented by the formula CH2O. They are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides, like glucose, fructose, and galactose, are single sugar units. Disaccharides, such as maltose, sucrose, and lactose, are formed by joining two monosaccharides. Polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan, consist of long chains of glucose units and serve as energy storage or structural components. Simple sugars refer to monosaccharides and disaccharides, while complex carbohydrates refer to polysaccharides.

What is the basic chemical formula for carbohydrates?

• CH2O

• C6H12O6

• C2H4O2

• C3H6O3

Which monosaccharide is most abundant and serves as an energy source for cellular respiration?

• Fructose

• Galactose

• Glucose

• Sucrose

Which monosaccharide is primarily found in fruits and plants?

• Fructose

• Maltose

• Glucose

• Galactose

What type of reaction forms disaccharides from monosaccharides?

• Hydrolysis

• Reduction

• Dehydration

• Oxidation

Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?

• Cellulose

• Sucrose

• Maltose

• Lactose

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

• Amylose

• Amylopectin

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

Which polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls?

• Chitin

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

• Peptidoglycan

What structural polysaccharide is found in the exoskeleton of insects?

• Amylose

• Peptidoglycan

• Chitin

• Cellulose

Which polysaccharide is found in the cell walls of bacteria?

• Chitin

• Peptidoglycan

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

What term is used to describe carbohydrates that are polysaccharides?

• Disaccharides

• Complex carbohydrates

• Simple sugars

• Monosaccharides