Gene Cloning and Insulin Production

Mr. Herpst explains gene cloning using plasmids in bacteria. The process involves cutting a plasmid with an enzyme, inserting a human gene (e.g., insulin), and using another enzyme to seal it. The modified plasmid is introduced into bacteria, which then reproduce, creating large amounts of the desired protein, such as insulin. This method is crucial for producing medicines like insulin for diabetes.

What is the primary function of plasmids in bacteria?

• To resist harmful substances

• To absorb nutrients

• To store energy

• To produce oxygen

What is the role of the enzyme that acts like scissors in gene cloning?

• To replicate DNA

• To cut open plasmids

• To transport DNA

• To glue DNA segments together

Which gene is isolated from human DNA for insulin production?

• Gene for antibodies

• Gene for growth hormone

• Gene for insulin

• Gene for hemoglobin

What happens after the human gene is combined with the plasmid?

• It is destroyed

• It is inserted into a virus

• It is inserted into bacteria

• It is left in a petri dish

Why is it important for bacteria to multiply in the gene cloning process?

• To increase the number of plasmids

• To produce more human insulin

• To create new bacteria species

• To change the DNA sequence

What is the final product of the gene cloning process described?

• Antibiotics

• Human growth hormone

• Human insulin

• Vitamins

What is the first step in the gene cloning process?

• Cutting the plasmid

• Inserting the gene into a plasmid

• Isolating the target gene

• Multiplying the bacteria

Which enzyme acts like glue in the gene cloning process?

• The enzyme that cuts plasmids

• The enzyme that replicates DNA

• The enzyme that transports DNA

• The enzyme that combines DNA segments

What is the significance of bacteria in the production of human insulin?

• They produce insulin as they multiply

• They change the DNA sequence

• They act as a storage for insulin

• They provide a habitat for plasmids

How does gene cloning benefit people with diabetes?

• By providing a cure

• By producing human insulin

• By reducing blood sugar levels

• By eliminating the need for medication