DNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial explores the structure and components of DNA, starting with an introduction to the DNA molecule and its significance. It explains nucleic acids and nucleotides, detailing the three parts of a nucleotide. The tutorial then covers the four nitrogen bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—and their pairing rules, known as Chargaff's rules. It highlights Rosalind Franklin's contribution through x-ray diffraction, leading to the discovery of the double helix structure by Watson and Crick. The video concludes with a discussion on the implications of this discovery and the recognition of key contributors.

What does DNA stand for?

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Dioxyribose Nucleic Acid

• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

• Dioxyribonucleic Acid

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

• Five-carbon sugar

• Phosphate group

• Amino acid

• Nitrogenous base

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Uracil

According to Chargaff's rules, if a DNA sample contains 20% adenine, what percentage of thymine should it contain?

• 20%

• 40%

• 60%

• 30%

What scientific technique did Rosalind Franklin use to study DNA?

• X-ray diffraction

• Mass spectrometry

• Electron microscopy

• Nuclear magnetic resonance

What shape did Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction patterns suggest for DNA?

• Cuboidal

• Helical

• Linear

• Spherical

Who were the scientists that proposed the double helix model of DNA?

• Hershey and Chase

• Pauling and Chargaff

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Watson and Crick

What is the term used to describe the two strands of DNA running in opposite directions?

• Perpendicular

• Anti-parallel

• Convergent

• Parallel

Which type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together in the DNA structure?

• Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Metallic bonds

Who was excluded from the Nobel Prize despite contributing significantly to the discovery of DNA's structure?

• Maurice Wilkins

• James Watson

• Rosalind Franklin

• Francis Crick