Seed Gene Banks and Conservation Methods

The video discusses germplasm conservation, focusing on ex situ methods. It covers various types of gene banks, including seed, field, shoot tip, cell and organ, and DNA gene banks. Each type is explained with its benefits and limitations, emphasizing the importance of preserving genetic material for future use.

What is the primary difference between ex situ and in situ germplasm conservation?

• In situ conserves germplasm in seed banks.

• Ex situ conserves germplasm away from its natural habitat.

• In situ conserves germplasm in artificial conditions.

• Ex situ conserves germplasm in its natural habitat.

Why are seeds stored in seed gene banks?

• They are difficult to store.

• They require a lot of space.

• They are easy to store and maintain.

• They are not viable for long periods.

What characteristic defines orthodox seeds?

• They are difficult to store.

• They can be dried to low moisture without losing viability.

• They are sensitive to desiccation.

• They are only produced by fruit trees.

What is the storage condition for base collections in seed banks?

• Stored at 0°C with 15% moisture.

• Stored at 10°C with 10% moisture.

• Stored at -20°C with 5% moisture.

• Stored at room temperature with high moisture.

What is the primary use of working collections in seed banks?

• For crop improvement programs.

• For storing recalcitrant seeds.

• For long-term storage.

• For storing DNA segments.

What is a major limitation of field gene banks?

• They require minimal space.

• They are inexpensive to establish.

• They are prone to disease and insect attacks.

• They are suitable for all seed types.

What is a benefit of shoot tip gene banks?

• They are susceptible to pest attacks.

• They require frequent subculturing.

• They are only for orthodox seeds.

• They conserve genotypes free from diseases.

What is cryopreservation in the context of cell and organ gene banks?

• Storage in dry conditions.

• Storage at 196°C in liquid nitrogen.

• Storage at -20°C.

• Storage at room temperature.

What is stored in DNA gene banks?

• Whole plants.

• Only orthodox seeds.

• DNA segments from germplasm accessions.

• Recalcitrant seeds.

How can DNA segments from DNA gene banks be used in the future?

• For increasing seed moisture content.

• For creating new seed banks.

• For storing in field gene banks.

• For producing transgenic crops.