RNA Structure and Function Concepts

This video tutorial covers the stages of transcription and RNA splicing, focusing on DNA's role in protein synthesis. It explains how DNA is structured into genes, which encode polypeptides, and details the transcription process where mRNA is synthesized. The video also discusses RNA splicing, highlighting the removal of introns to form functional mRNA, and notes the absence of splicing in prokaryotes. The tutorial is aligned with the AQA specification, providing insights into non-coding DNA and functional RNA molecules.

What is the primary role of genes in protein synthesis?

• To encode the primary structure of a polypeptide

• To replicate DNA

• To store energy

• To transport proteins

During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?

• To transport mRNA to the cytoplasm

• To splice introns from RNA

• To break hydrogen bonds

• To form phosphodiester bonds between RNA nucleotides

Which strand of DNA is complementary to the mRNA?

• Antisense strand

• Lagging strand

• Sense strand

• Leading strand

What happens to mRNA after it is synthesized in the nucleus?

• It moves out of the nucleus through a nuclear pore

• It is degraded by enzymes

• It is immediately translated into protein

• It binds to DNA

What is the purpose of RNA splicing?

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize proteins

• To remove exons from RNA

• To convert pre-mRNA into functional mRNA

In eukaryotic cells, what are introns?

• Non-coding regions within a gene

• Enzymes that degrade mRNA

• Coding regions of a gene

• Proteins that assist in transcription

Why does splicing not occur in prokaryotes?

• Because introns are uncommon in prokaryotic cells

• Because they lack a nucleus

• Because they do not synthesize proteins

• Because they do not have RNA polymerase

What is the main difference between exons and introns?

• Both are coding

• Both are non-coding

• Exons are coding, introns are non-coding

• Exons are non-coding, introns are coding

What is the role of functional RNA molecules?

• To replicate DNA

• To degrade mRNA

• To assist in protein synthesis

• To encode polypeptides

Which of the following is an example of a functional RNA molecule?

• Ribosome

• Transfer RNA

• Messenger RNA

• DNA polymerase