Protein Synthesis and Genetic Code

The video explains the role of DNA in directing cell activities and introduces RNA as a messenger. It covers the processes of transcription and translation, where DNA information is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. The video also discusses RNA processing, including the removal of introns and retention of exons. The genetic code, consisting of codons and anticodons, is explained, along with the role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Finally, the video describes how proteins are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and exported for various cellular functions.

What is the primary role of DNA in the cell?

• To direct the activities of the cell

• To provide energy for cellular activities

• To transport nutrients across the cell membrane

• To store waste products

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Adenine

• Uracil

What happens to introns during mRNA maturation?

• They are translated into proteins

• They are duplicated

• They are removed from the mRNA

• They are converted into exons

What is the role of ribosomes in the translation process?

• To transport mRNA out of the nucleus

• To transcribe DNA into mRNA

• To provide the environment for mRNA translation

• To replicate DNA

What is a codon?

• A molecule that carries amino acids

• A type of sugar found in RNA

• A sequence of three nitrogen bases on mRNA

• A protein that assists in DNA replication

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To transcribe DNA into mRNA

• To form the structure of ribosomes

• To replicate DNA

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

• Covalent bond

• Peptide bond

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

What is the first group to emerge during polypeptide formation?

• Phosphate group

• Amino group

• Carboxylic acid group

• Hydroxyl group

Where might proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the rough ER be sent?

• To the chloroplasts

• To the mitochondria

• To the Golgi apparatus

• To the lysosomes

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

• To transcribe mRNA

• To further process and export proteins

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize proteins