Middle Kingdom of Egypt: Key Concepts

The Middle Kingdom of Egypt, spanning from around 2040 to 1550 BCE, was marked by the reunification of Egypt under Mentuhotep II, significant administrative and military reforms, and economic prosperity. The period saw the development of a new administrative system, the formation of a standing army, and the expansion of trade. Cultural achievements included a rich literary tradition and advancements in writing. The Middle Kingdom ended with the rise of the Hyksos, who introduced new military technologies. The period is characterized by its economic growth, cultural achievements, and eventual decline due to foreign influence.

Who was responsible for reuniting Egypt during the Middle Kingdom?

• Senusret I

• Mentuhotep II

• Amenemhat I

• Sobekneferu

What was a significant change in administration during the Middle Kingdom?

• Introduction of a standing army

• Division of Egypt into three districts

• Creation of a new capital

• Appointment of two viziers

How did Amenemhat I come to power?

• He inherited the throne from his father

• He was elected by the people

• He was appointed by the previous king

• He seized power from King Mentuhotep IV

What was one of Senusret I's major achievements?

• Writing the Instructions of Amenemhat

• Building the Great Pyramid

• Expanding Egypt's borders and trade

• Introducing chariots to Egypt

What contributed to the economic prosperity of the Middle Kingdom?

• Discovery of new gold mines

• Expansion of trade with the Phoenicians

• Conquest of the Hyksos

• Introduction of a new currency

What was a key focus of Senusret III's foreign policy?

• Conquering the Sinai Peninsula

• Building a new capital

• Establishing trade with Punt

• Preventing southern tribes from entering Egypt

What was a significant cultural development during the Middle Kingdom?

• The rise of Middle Egyptian as a literary language

• The introduction of hieroglyphics

• The construction of the Library of Alexandria

• The creation of the first Egyptian novel

Who was the first known queen of Egypt?

• Hatshepsut

• Sobekneferu

• Nefertiti

• Cleopatra

What was the origin of the Hyksos who took control of parts of Egypt?

• Phoenicia

• Canaan

• Nubia

• Lebanon

What innovation did the Hyksos introduce to Egypt?

• The development of papyrus

• The use of iron

• The construction of pyramids

• The use of chariots