Understanding Periodic Trends and Atomic Properties

What is the primary focus of the Bohr model in atomic structure?

• Placement of electrons in different energy levels

• Placement of protons in the nucleus

• Distribution of atoms in a molecule

• Arrangement of neutrons in the nucleus

How many electrons can the second energy level hold in a Bohr model?

• 2

• 8

• 18

• 32

Why are periodic trends important in chemistry?

• They determine the color of elements.

• They describe the taste of compounds.

• They help predict atomic properties and chemical reactivity.

• They explain the physical state of elements.

What is the effective nuclear charge?

• The total number of protons in an atom

• The repulsion between core electrons

• The attraction between valence electrons and the nucleus

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus

Which element has a stronger attraction between its valence electrons and the nucleus, lithium or sodium?

• Lithium, because it has fewer protons

• Sodium, because it has more protons

• Lithium, because its valence electron is closer to the nucleus

• Sodium, because its valence electron is farther from the nucleus

What happens to ionization energy as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• It decreases

• It increases

• It fluctuates randomly

• It remains constant

Which atomic property is defined as the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?

• Electronegativity

• Effective nuclear charge

• Ionization energy

• Atomic radius

How is atomic radius determined?

• By measuring the distance between the nuclei of two touching atoms and dividing by two

• By calculating the volume of the atom

• By counting the number of protons in the nucleus

• By measuring the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron

What is the trend for atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• It increases

• It fluctuates randomly

• It decreases

• It remains constant

Which factor does NOT affect the effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons?

• Number of protons in the nucleus

• Number of neutrons in the nucleus

• Number of core electrons

• Distance from the nucleus