What Is Central Dogma?

How do mRNA vaccines differ from traditional vaccines?

• Traditional vaccines contain weakened or inactive viruses, while mRNA vaccines provide instructions for cells to make viral proteins.

• mRNA vaccines contain weakened or inactive viruses, while traditional vaccines provide instructions for cells to make viral proteins.

• Traditional vaccines train the immune system to fight bacteria, while mRNA vaccines train it to fight viruses.

• mRNA vaccines are only used for COVID-19, while traditional vaccines are used for all other diseases.

In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA primarily stored, and where are proteins built?

• DNA is in the cytoplasm, proteins are built in the nucleus.

• DNA is in the nucleus, proteins are built outside the nucleus.

• Both DNA and proteins are found exclusively in the nucleus.

• Both DNA and proteins are found exclusively in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and mRNA?

• DNA uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T), while mRNA uses Thymine (T) instead of Uracil (U).

• DNA is a single-stranded molecule, while mRNA is a double-stranded molecule.

• DNA is double-stranded and uses Thymine (T), while mRNA is single-stranded and uses Uracil (U).

• DNA is primarily involved in protein synthesis, while mRNA stores genetic information long-term.

What are the three main steps of transcription in the correct order?

• Elongation, Initiation, Termination

• Initiation, Termination, Elongation

• Initiation, Elongation, Termination

• Termination, Elongation, Initiation

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What is the primary function of splicing during mRNA processing?

• To add a protective cap to the mRNA molecule.

• To remove non-coding segments from the mRNA.

• To duplicate the mRNA sequence for multiple proteins.

• To transport the mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information according to the Central Dogma?

• Protein → RNA → DNA

• RNA → DNA → Protein

• DNA → RNA → Protein

• DNA → Protein → RNA

What was Francis Crick's specific hypothesis regarding the information in proteins?

• Information in proteins can be used to create DNA, RNA, or other proteins.

• Proteins can transfer their information back to DNA.

• Information in proteins cannot be used to make DNA, RNA, or more proteins.

• Proteins are the primary carriers of genetic information.

What is the significance of alternative splicing in gene expression?

• It ensures that only one type of protein is produced from each gene.

• It allows a single gene to produce multiple different protein products.

• It primarily functions to repair damaged mRNA molecules.

• It is a process exclusive to simple organisms like yeast.