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AP Bio Evolution review

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is a true statement about natural selection?
a)
it is goal directed
b)
individuals evolve
c)
variation exists in a population
d)
acquired characteristics
2.
Using the cladogram:  a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have
a)
a bony skeleton
b)
four limbs
c)
scaly skin
d)
eggs with shells
3.
A newly identified organism has four limbs and amniotic eggs with shells.  Which organism do they most likely share a common ancestor with?
a)
ray-finned fish
b)
birds
c)
rodents
d)
amphibians
4.
What evidence of evolution?  Giraffes have the same number of vertebrae in the neck as do humans?
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
comparative biochemistry
c)
comparative embryology
d)
geographic distribution
5.
What evidence of evolution? Kangoaroos are found only in Australia.
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative anatomy
c)
comparative biochemistry
d)
geographic distribution
6.
What evidence of evolution? Human embryos have tails
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative anatomy
c)
comparative biochemistry
d)
geographic distribution
7.
What evidence of evolution? Humans and sea stars both have radial cleavage in the early embryonic development.
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative anatomy
c)
comparative biochemistry
d)
geographic distribution
8.
The condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to as 
a)
sexual dependency
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
geographic isolation
d)
adaptive radiation
9.
The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different.  Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same.  therefore, these structures are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
analogous structures
c)
homology
d)
reproductive isolation
10.
The population of peppered moths in England changed from white to black in 50 years
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
sexual selection
c)
directional selection
d)
disruptive selection
11.
Human newborns usually weigh between 6-8 pounds
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
directional selection
c)
disruptive selection
d)
sexual selection
12.
in one region of New Jersey there exists two distinct types of one species of snake
a)
disruptive selection
b)
geographic isolation
c)
mechanical isolation
d)
neutral variation
13.
The differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
convergent evolution
c)
behavioral isolation
d)
mechanical isolation
14.
Two allopatric species of sparrows have very similar niches when compared to two sympatric species of sparrows.  What would be a good explanation for this?
a)
The allopatric species have no competition with one another so therefore can occupy similar niches
b)
The sympatric species are usually mechanically isolated from one another
c)
The sympatric species diverged from a common ancestor
d)
The allopatric species are behaviorally isolated from one another
15.
Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This is an example of ?
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Oscillating Selection
c)
Artificial Selection
d)
None of the above 
16.
Heterozygotes with sickle cell disease alleles are protected against malaria. Homozygous dominant individuals are more vulnerable to the effects of malaria. This is an example of ?
a)
Heterozygote Advantage
b)
Homozygous Advantage 
c)
Heterozygous Disadvantage
d)
Homozygous Disadvantage 
17.
The differences in cricket calls among sympatric species of crickets are examples of ?
a)
habitat isolation 
b)
temporal isolation
c)
geographic isolation
d)
behavioral isolation
18.
Which statement best describes the modes of selection depicted in the figure?
a)
stabilizing selection, changing the average color of the population over time
b)
directional selection, favoring the average individual 
c)
directional selection, changing the average age color of the population over time
d)
disruptive selection, favoring the average individual
19.
When an animal moves from one place to another the animal can alter that population’s
a)
Gene Flow
b)
Gene Pool
c)
Genetic Drift
d)
Size
20.
Which agent of change causes genetic variation and has a large effect on allele frequencies when it produces new alleles.
a)
Non-random mating
b)
Gene Flow
c)
Mutation
d)
Genetic Drift
21.
Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has rebounded to over 30,000 they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. Which agent of change is this ?
a)
Genetic Drift 
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Gene Flow
d)
Mutation
22.
Domesticated reindeer in western Alaska escape and mate with migrating caribou, adding the alleles for short legs and tame behavior. This is an example of ?
a)
Mutation
b)
Genetic Drift
c)
Gene pool
d)
Gene flow
23.
When individuals prefer mates with particular superior physical characteristics or by the preference of individuals to mate with individuals similar to themselves.
a)
Gene Flow 
b)
Non Random Mating
c)
Random Mating
d)
Genetic Drift
24.
If the butterflies had most of their changes occur within the first 50,000 years of existence (a relatively short time period in evolutionary standards), these would not show up well in the fossil record. This is an example of 
a)
Punctuated Equilibrium 
b)
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium 
25.
 The barrier could prevent fertilization itself and thus occur before a zygote can be formed.
a)
Post Zygotic Barrier
b)
Prezygotic Barrier
c)
Zygote
d)
Genetic Drift
26.
Mechanisms that reduce the viability or reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring are called
a)
Zygotes
b)
Prezygotic barrier
c)
Post Zygotic barrier
d)
Gene Flow
27.
There is a population of 100 dogs at the pound. 84 of the dogs are brown and 16 are black. How many of  the homozygous dominant genotype are there? Use the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
a)
.16
b)
.84
c)
.48
d)
.36
28.
Which of the following statements is correct based on the information shown in this cladogram?
a)
the turtle and the frog are more similar to each other than the turtle and the bass
b)
frogs have existed for a longer time that bass
c)
the frog is more closely related to the bass than to the leopard
d)
the bass is exinct
29.
Which of the following explains how natural selection causes a trait to become predominant in a population?
a)
Individuals with traits that are favorable to the environment reproduce more.
b)
Traits of an individual change in order to adapt to changes in enviornment.
c)
organisms select which traits they wish to inherit
d)
all of these answers
30.
A horse and a donkey can successfully mate to produce offspring known as a mule.  Mules are sterile .  Would mules be classified as a species?
a)
Yes, mules have enough of their own traits to be considered a species.
b)
Yes, the fact that have different number of chromosomes makes them a different species
c)
No, mules are too similar to the parent species
d)
No, due to their inability to reproduce successfully.
31.
All of the following should be used to construct evolutionary trees EXCEPT 
a)
DNA sequencing comparison
b)
morphological similarities and differences
c)
physical relationsips
d)
fossil records
32.
A common ancestor for both C and E could be at position __.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
33.
The two extant species that are closely related to each other are __.
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and E
34.
The condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to as 
a)
sexual dependency
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
geographic isolation
d)
adaptive radiation
35.
The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different.  Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same.  therefore, these structures are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
analogous structures
c)
homology
d)
reproductive isolation
36.
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular recessive allele a is .4.  What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?
a)
4 percent
b)
16 percent
c)
32 percent
d)
48 percent
37.
The differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
convergent evolution
c)
behavioral isolation
d)
mechanical isolation
38.
Two allopatric species of sparrows have very similar niches when compared to two sympatric species of sparrows.  What would be a good explanation for this?
a)
The allopatric species have no competition with one another so therefore can occupy similar niches
b)
The sympatric species are usually mechanically isolated from one another
c)
The sympatric species diverged from a common ancestor
d)
The allopatric species are behaviorally isolated from one another
39.
The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal.
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
40.
a bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
a)
sexuality
b)
mutation rate
c)
fitness
d)
adaptability
41.
Which of the following is an example of gene flow?
a)
A subordinate wolf successfully challenges the alpha male and mates with pack females
b)
A deer picks up spores from a plant as it grazes and deposits them next to that plant.
c)
A young stallion is driven out of its herd by the alpha stallion and begins its own herd in another location
d)
All of these answers
42.
What explains the inclusion of rabbits?
a)
they are an outgroup
b)
they are the most recent ancestor of primates
c)
they have a short generation time and are easy to study
d)
they possess shared derived characteristics of the included species
43.
A group of mice was released into a large field to which no other mice had access. Immediately after  the​ release,a representative sample of the mice was captured, and the fur color of each individual in the sample was observed and recorded. There were 10% gray mice, 80% brown mice and 10% black mice. The mice were then returned to the field. After twenty years, another representative sample of the mice was captured, and the fur color of each individual in the sample was again recorded. This time there were 60% gray mice, 30% brown mice and 10% black mice
a)
The allele for gray fur color is unstable
b)
The field was composed primarily of light-colored soil and little vegetation, affording gray mice protection from predators.Increasing the number of mice which have the allele for gray fur
c)
Natural selection led to increased mating frequency of black and brown versus gray and brown
d)
The gray mice were hardest to capture and so were underrepresented in the twenty-year sample
44.
A population of snails has the dominant trait of brown stripes and the recessive trait of solid brown shell color. If the current population has 17% solid brown, what is the expected frequency of homozygous striped shells?
a)
0.35
b)
0.59
c)
59%
d)
35%
45.
 If the frequency of two alleles in a gene pool is 90% A and 10% a, what is the frequency of individuals in the population with the genotype Aa?
a)
.78
b)
.81
c)
0.18
d)
0.19
46.

Which of the following is NOT an observation upon which natural selection is based?

a)

There is heritable variation among individuals.

b)

Poorly adapted individuals leave less offspring.

c)

The size of populations fluctuates over time.

d)

Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will leave more offspring.

47.

Selection directly acts on...

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

The individual

d)

The entire gene pool

48.

A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the pink salmon population of the Pacific Northwest. It was determined that the average size (both length and mass) of the salmon decreased dramatically between 1945 and 1970. During this time fisherman were paid by the pound and there was an increase in the use of gill netting to harvest fish.


Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind the change in size in the pink salmon population?

a)

A change in gene frequencies in the salmon population due to selective pressure from fishing.

b)

The formation of two new salmon species from a single parent species

c)

A new allele appearing in the salmon population as a result of mutation

d)

The achievement of dynamic equilibrium in the salmon population as a result of homeostasis.

49.

In 1977, Mr. Smith used the pesticide malathion to protect his orange groves from fruit fly damage. He sprayed his trees with malathion again in 1978. In 1979, Mr. Smith used twice the dose of malathion to protect his crop. Which of the following best explains the data graphed?

a)

The plants developed a resistance to the malathion in 1978, rendering it less effective which made those resistant plant more fit.

b)

The fruit flies develop resistance to malathion through a random mutation in 1978

c)

The fruit flies who were immune to malathion survived the first application in 1977 and produced more offspring than those who did not have this genetic variation

d)

The pesticide used by Mr. Smith in 1978 and 1979 was not as potent as that used in 1977

50.

Which of the following phylogenetic trees is most consistent with the data provided below?

a)
b)
c)
d)
51.

Your friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks” Which statement is the best response to correct your friend’s misconception?

a)

Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival.

b)

Only favorable adaptations have survival value.

c)

Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring.

d)

Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

52.

For a given population that contains genetic variation and is under the influence of natural selection, what is the correct sequence of the following events?

1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring

2.A change occurs in the environment.

3. Genetic frequencies within the population change

4. Poorly adapted individuals do not survive

a)

2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 3

b)

2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1

c)

4 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3

d)

4 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1

53.

An organism’s relative fitness is measured by its

a)

Mutation rate

b)

Health and stability in the face of environmental change

c)

Contribution to the gene pool of the next generation

d)

Genetic variability

54.

Genomic studies of the chromosomal fusion in chimpanzees provided an explanation for differences in chromosomal number compared to humans. This supports the concept of

a)

Acquired Characteristics

b)

Common Ancestry

c)

Adaptive Radiation

d)

Artificial Selection

55.

A common ancestor for both species D and G could be at position number

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

56.

A common ancestor for both species B and C could be at position number

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

57.

A rather large population of organisms have 396 red-sided individuals and 557 tan-sided individuals. Assume that red is totally recessive. Please calculate the following:


p2

2pq

q2

a)

0.126, 0.458, 0.416

b)

0.355, 0.458, 0.645

c)

0.263, 0.542, 0.195

d)

0.150, 0.500, 0.350

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