WorksheetsCell Communication
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 39mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the below is not a step in signal transduction pathway
a)
Activation
b)
Reception
c)
Response
d)
Transduction
2.
What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds?
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
enhancer
d)
origin
3.
What class of macromolecules are transcription factors?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
4.
Which of the following would be an example of paracrine signaling in animals?
a)
neurotransmitter acetylcholine
b)
hormone epinephrine
c)
neurotransmitter norepinephrine
d)
growth factor
5.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
6.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
7.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
8.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
9.
What is a function of the second messenger IP3?
a)
bind to and activate protein kinase A
b)
activate transcription factors
c)
convert ATP to cAMP
d)
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
10.
Which of the following is involved in many human medicines for disease?
a)
cAMP
b)
Calcium concentration
c)
G-protein pathways
d)
receptor tyrosine kinases
11.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
12.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
13.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
14.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
15.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
16.
Do plant cells communicate using hormones?
a)
yes
b)
no
17.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
18.
Which of the following converts cAMP to AMP?
a)
phosphodiesterase
b)
protein phosphatase
c)
GTPase
19.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
20.
What type of receptor would testosterone have?
a)
Intracellular
b)
Membrane
21.
Which of the following molecules can pass through the plasma membrane unaided?
a)
epinephrine
b)
insulin
c)
acetylcholine
d)
estrogen
22.
Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in regulation of signal transduction pathways?
a)
protein kinase
b)
lipase
c)
protein phosphatase
d)
GTPase
23.
What is one effect epinephrine has on liver cells?
a)
uptake glucose to store as glycogen
b)
break glycogen down to release glucose
c)
decreases blood vessel diameter
d)
decreases blood glucose levels
24.
Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?
a)
cAMP
b)
GTP
c)
insulin
d)
epinephrine
25.
What activates adenylyl cyclase?
a)
epinephrine binding to it
b)
an activated G protein
c)
cAMP
d)
a protein kinase
26.
What role do protein kinases serve?
a)
remove phosphate groups to deactivate enzymes
b)
inactivate cAMP to AMP
c)
add phosphate groups to activate enzyme's
d)
activate G proteins
27.
What type of receptor does insulin bind to?
a)
G protein linked
b)
protein kinase
c)
ion channel
d)
intracellular
28.
What molecule is cAMP made out of?
a)
ATP
b)
GTP
c)
glucose
d)
AMP
29.
What is the mechanism of protein kinases?
a)
activate proteins by dephosphorylating them
b)
activate proteins with cAMP
c)
change membrane potential
d)
activate proteins by phosphorylating them
30.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
a)
Adenosine
b)
Adenylyl cyclase
c)
Citric acid
d)
Cyclic AMP
31.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine, from highest number of molecules to lowest number of molecules?
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine, from highest number of molecules to lowest number of molecules?
a)
cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase
b)
Glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase A, cAMP
c)
cAMP, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, protein kinase A
d)
Glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase
32.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following would likely not be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?
Which of the following would likely not be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?
a)
Decreased production of cAMP in liver cells
b)
Inactivation of glycogen synthase
c)
Increased glucose mobilization
d)
Activation of G proteins
33.
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
a)
Production of the ligand molecule.
b)
Reception of the signal.
c)
Transduction of the signal.
d)
Production of response to signal.
34.
Which areas in the diagram depict the process of transduction in the signal transduction pathway of cell communication?
a)
Q and R
b)
Q and U
c)
S and T
d)
T and U
35.
Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Which of the following best describes how a cell initially responds to a signal?
a)
The cell experiences a change in receptor conformation
b)
The cell experiences an influx of ions
c)
The cell experiences an increase in protein kinase activity
d)
The cell experiences G protein activation
36.
When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart) muscle cells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. Which of the following best accounts for the fact that the same hormone can have different effects on muscle cells?
a)
Cardiac cells have more receptors for epinephrine than do intestinal cells
b)
Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thus is in higher concentration around cardiac cells
c)
The two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses
d)
Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine
37.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
38.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
39.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
40.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
41.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
42.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
43.
What is the mechanism of protein kinases?
a)
activate proteins by dephosphorylating them
b)
activate proteins with cAMP
c)
change membrane potential
d)
activate proteins by phosphorylating them
44.
What is one effect epinephrine has on liver cells?
a)
uptake glucose to store as glycogen
b)
break glycogen down to release glucose
c)
decreases blood vessel diameter
d)
decreases blood glucose levels
45.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
46.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
47.
What is a function of the second messenger IP3?
a)
bind to and activate protein kinase A
b)
activate transcription factors
c)
convert ATP to cAMP
d)
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
48.
G proteins are regulated by which molecule?
a)
GTP
b)
ATP
c)
inorganic phosphate
d)
Glucose
49.
Which is a common second messenger?
a)
cAMP
b)
Na+
c)
K+
d)
G Protein
50.
Tyrosine kinases are responsible for transferring which molecule?
a)
phosphate
b)
oxygen
c)
hydrogen
d)
ADP
51.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
100 %
