WorksheetsEcology Review
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 32mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the 6 levels of organization that ecologist study from smallest to largest?
a)
species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
b)
biosphere, population, community, ecosystem, biome, species
c)
biosphere, population, species, community, ecosystem, biome
d)
biosphere, ecosystem, population, species, community, biome
2.
Which organism in the food web receives the least amount of energy from the producers?
a)
Rabbit
b)
Mouse
c)
Grass
d)
Hawk
3.
Food webs such as the one shown to the right were first used in 1927 by the animal ecologist Charles Elton. The food web below represents the feeding relationships among organisms in an Alaskan ecosystem. An environmental change that removed which of these organisms from the ecosystem would cause the most instability in the ecosystem?
a)
Auklets
b)
Foxes
c)
Salmon
d)
Zooplankton
4.
Which of the following organism in this food web obtains energy from both producers and consumers?
a)
Weakfish
b)
Sand Shrimp
c)
Mussels
d)
Algae
5.
Which energy pyramid most accurately shows the energy relationships between three organisms in this food web above?
a)
Bacteria
←Protozoa
←Algae
←Protozoa
←Algae
b)
Diving beetles
←Snails
←Algae
←Snails
←Algae
c)
Crayfish
←Dead organisms
←Bacteria
←Dead organisms
←Bacteria
d)
Amphipods
←Catfish
←Crayfish
←Catfish
←Crayfish
6.
Using the food web to the left, which of the following is most likely to lead the greatest decrease in the deer mouse population?
a)
an increase in the owl populations
b)
an increase in the grass population
c)
an increase in the pine tree population
d)
an increase in the cottontail population
7.
Bats eat insects that damage crops and mosquitoes that are vectors of disease. One million bats can eat several tons of insects per night, saving billions of dollars in pesticides yearly. Agricultural and public health scientists are concerned about the spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS). WNS is a result of fungus that can infect cave-dwelling bats. While bats hibernate during winter months, the fungus covers the bats’ face and wings. WNS has a near 100% mortality rate, and 5.7 million bats have died since the discovery of the fungus in 2006. Many scientists are searching for ways to protect these bats. The relationship between this fungus and bats can best be defined as?
a)
Commensal, because the bats provide a surface for the fungus to grow
b)
Parasitic, because the fungus obtains nutrients and shelter from the bats
c)
Competitive, because both organisms use caves as shelter during the winter
d)
Mutualistic, because the relationship involves two distinct species living together
8.
For the food chain shown above, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences?
a)
a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought
b)
a poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters
c)
the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice
d)
a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population
9.
The diagram below represents the nitrogen cycle in a student’s aquarium. Ammonia, nitrites, and, to a lesser degree, nitrates can be harmful to fish. The student wants to keep the nitrogen in this aquarium cycling normally without having to continually change the water.
Which of the following should the student add more of to help remove nitrates and improve the natural cycling of nitrogen in this aquarium?
Which of the following should the student add more of to help remove nitrates and improve the natural cycling of nitrogen in this aquarium?
a)
Fish
b)
Plants
c)
Nitrobacter
d)
Water
10.
A student is asked to draw a food web in which the same organism is a primary consumer as well as a secondary consumer. How should the organism be represented in the food web?
a)
The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a tertiary consumer and another arrow pointing from it to a decomposer.
b)
The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a secondary consumer and another arrow pointing to it from the top predator.
c)
The organism must have an arrow pointing to it from a producer and another arrow pointing to it from a primary consumer.
d)
The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a primary consumer and another arrow pointing away from it to a decomposer.
11.
A Chart showing the classification of organisms is shown. Which two organisms are most closely related?
a)
1 and 2
b)
2 and 4
c)
1 and 4
d)
1 and 3
12.
Organisms that make up the first level of a food chain and produce their own food are classified as
a)
predators
b)
autotrophs
c)
heterotrophs
d)
decomposers
13.
Which of these best describes the relationship between epiphytes and trees?
a)
Parasitism
b)
Migration
c)
Commensalism
d)
Predation
14.
The diagram to the left is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows represent?
a)
The direction of energy flow
b)
The direction of the wind
c)
The direction of the sun
d)
The direction of the predators
15.
About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next level. What usually happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level or used to carry out life processes?
a)
It is given off as heat
b)
It is stored as vitamins
c)
It is used in reproduction
d)
It is used in protein synthesis
16.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia enter the root hairs of bean plants. The bacteria are located in small root structures called nodules. The plants provide energy to the bacteria, and in return, the plants receive nitrogen for growth from the bacteria.
According to the information above, which of these best describes the relationship between rhizobia and bean plants?
According to the information above, which of these best describes the relationship between rhizobia and bean plants?
a)
Parasitism
b)
Opportunism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Mutualism
17.
Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful at?
a)
Competing with birds
b)
Making its own food
c)
Hiding from predators
d)
Running very rapidly
18.
Which diagram best shows how the amount of stored energy changes going up a food chain?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
19.
In this diagram of a marine food web, which term describes the sea turtles?
a)
Aquatic herbivores
b)
Autotrophic producers
c)
Third-level consumers
d)
Primary decomposers
20.
A sample of bacteria was added to a culture dish containing a food supply. The dish was kept in an incubator for two weeks, where temperature and other conditions that favored bacterial growth were kept constant. The graph below shows changes that occurred in the bacterial population over the two weeks.
Which statement provides the best explanation for the changes?
Which statement provides the best explanation for the changes?
a)
The bacteria consumed all of the available food
b)
The culture dish contained an antibiotic for the first five days
c)
The bacteria were unable to reproduce until day 8
d)
The temperature increased and the bacteria died
21.
On March 24th, 1989, an oil tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and spilled millions of liters of crude oil. The graph shows pink salmon populations in Prince William Sound from 1970 to 1999
What does the data suggest about the effect the oil spill had on pink salmon?
What does the data suggest about the effect the oil spill had on pink salmon?
a)
Pink Salmon were nearly eliminated after the oil spill
b)
Pink Salmon populations steadily declined in the 10 years following the spill.
c)
Pink Salmon populations declined and never fully recovered.
d)
Pink Salmon populations seemed to be minimally affected.
22.
In this food web to the right the bacteria probably function as…
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Decomposers
d)
Carnivores
23.
The Post Oak Savannah Ecoregion in east central Texas is composed of a savannah covered with native grasses, herbs, and scattered groves of trees, primarily Post Oaks. In the summer of 2011, there were serious wildfires in this region. How did the wildfires affect plant populations?
a)
The wildfires caused the number of Post Oaks to immediately decrease and the number of grasses to gradually increase.
b)
The wildfires caused the number of Post Oaks to gradually increase and the number of grasses to gradually decrease.
c)
The wildfires caused the number of Post Oaks to immediately increase and the number of grasses to gradually increase.
d)
The wildfires caused the number of Post Oaks to gradually decrease and the number of grasses to immediately increase.
24.
Hundreds of years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many plants and animals on a tropical island. Today, the island looks much as it did before the eruption. Why is this true?
a)
Altered ecosystems regain stability through the development of new plant species.
b)
Destroyed environments can recover through ecological succession
c)
Destroyed ecosystems always return to their original state
d)
Geographic barriers prevent the migration of animals to island habitats
25.
Lichens and mosses are often the first organisms to grow in a bare area. Over time, grasses and shrubs will grow where lichens and mosses grew. The grasses and shrubs are able to grow in the area because the lichens and mosses-
a)
Provided enzymes needed for complex plant growth
b)
Made the environment suitable for complex plants
c)
Synthesized specific foods for the grasses and shrubs
d)
Are the producers in every stable ecosystem
26.
Which statement best describes the differences in species diversity between an ecosystem beginning the process of primary succession and one beginning the process of secondary succession?
a)
Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because that ecosystem is experiencing a longer period with a lack of competition for space.
b)
No differences in species diversity exist because both ecosystems initially lack living organisms.
c)
Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because the lack of soil provides a greater area for organisms to claim niches.
d)
Species diversity is greater in the ecosystem undergoing secondary succession because the soil already contains seeds and spores of various species.
27.
The diagrams below show the limbs of two modern vertebrates that descended from a common ancestor
The difference in the structure of the limbs represents an adaption to their
The difference in the structure of the limbs represents an adaption to their
a)
gender
b)
environment
c)
blood type
d)
trophic level
28.
The air temperature with the Arctic Circle can reach as low as -30 degrees Celsius. Which of the animals below is the best adapted to survive these low temperatures?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
29.
Which ecosystem would require the longest period of time to return to its original state?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
30.
Which situation best represents a mutualistic relationship?
a)
A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from the intestine of a dog
b)
An orchid being pollinated by a nectar collecting wasp
c)
A human losing blood to a feeding mosquito
d)
An armadillo rooting in the soil at the base of an oak tree
31.
The table lists four groups of factors found in a particular ecosystem. Which group consists of only abiotic factors?
a)
Group 1
b)
Group 2
c)
Group 3
d)
Group 4
32.
Which of the following best explains how the milkweed bug’s coloration helps it avoid being eaten by birds?
a)
Birds become confused by the bug’s coloration, so the bug has time to escape.
b)
Birds associate the bug’s coloration with its bad taste and avoid eating it.
c)
Birds are unable to locate the bug’s head so the bug can escape
d)
Birds cannot locate the bug because it appears to be part of the plant
33.
A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.
Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?
Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?
a)
Biosphere
b)
Organelle
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
34.
The reason organisms cannot produce populations of unlimited size is that-
a)
Interactions between organisms are unchanging
b)
There is no carrying capacity on Earth
c)
Species rarely compete with one another
d)
The resources of Earth are finite
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