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WorksheetsAPEH Unit 2 (Ch. 13 & 14)
Total questions: 97
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.
a)
politiques
b)
indulgence
c)
anticlericalism
d)
Jesuits
2.
Opposition to the clergy.
a)
politiques
b)
indulgence
c)
anticlericalism
d)
Protestant
3.
The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.
a)
Protestant
b)
predestination
c)
indulgence
d)
Holy Office
4.
The name originally given to Lutherans, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.
a)
Protestant
b)
Jesuits
c)
Huguenots
d)
Lutheran
5.
A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.
a)
Union of Utrecht
b)
politiques
c)
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
d)
Edict of Nantes
6.
A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins
a)
Edict of Nantes
b)
indulgence
c)
Union of Utrecht
d)
Spanish Armada
7.
French Calvinists.
a)
Huguenots
b)
Jesuits
c)
Protestant
d)
Jacquerie
8.
John Calvin’s formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.
a)
Edict of Nantes
b)
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
c)
Spanish Armada
d)
Union of Utrecht
9.
Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.
a)
Calvinists
b)
Lutherans
c)
Jesuits
d)
Jehovah's Wittness
10.
Sent by Spain’s Philip II in 1588, this fleet constituted a religious crusade against English Protestantism; the English fleet and bad weather defeated it.
a)
Spanish Inquisition
b)
Spanish Conquistidors
c)
Christopher Columbus
d)
Spanish Armada
11.
The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.
a)
Holy Office
b)
Inquisition
c)
Great Schism
d)
Papal Doctrine
12.
The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
a)
Edict of Nantes
b)
Treaty of Westphalia
c)
Union of Utrecht
d)
none of these answers are correct
13.
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the
a)
Wars of the Roses
b)
Hundred Years’ War.
c)
Habsburg-Valois Wars.
d)
Thirty Years’ War.
14.
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
a)
The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
b)
Priests who were literate
c)
Clerics who dispersed any collected revenues to their parishioners
d)
The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to church doctrine
15.
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther’s doctrine of salvation?
a)
Salvation came through faith in God and works that demonstrated that faith.
b)
Salvation came through the performance of the Holy Sacraments.
c)
Salvation came through God’s predestined selection of those he chose to save.
d)
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God’s grace.
16.
What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?
a)
Luther did not need political support and, therefore, was able to develop his ideas without political interference.
b)
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.
c)
Luther led a unified reform movement that was able to coordinate its actions in several different territories and kingdoms.
d)
Luther’s status as a nobleman brought him respect and legitimacy that he could use to defend his ideas.
17.
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?
a)
Luther obtained permission to continue to call for reform as long as he remained loyal to papal authority.
b)
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church’s teachings and practices.
c)
Luther guaranteed the personal protection of the emperor for the rest of his life as long as he remained within imperial lands.
d)
Luther was granted permission to call for church reform of institutional corruption as long as he accepted official papal doctrine.
18.
The Colloquy of Marburg
a)
failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.
b)
established the basic tenants of Catholic reform in opposition to the Protestant Reform movement.
c)
created the basic tenants of Calvinism that could then be adapted to specific national contexts.
d)
required all Protestants to adopt a common reformed liturgy and standards for clerical behavior.
19.
What did the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre lead to?
a)
The end of Protestant power in France
b)
New efforts to bring civil order to France
c)
A lengthy civil war
d)
An international peace conference
20.
Luther believed that the church consisted of
a)
the entire body of clergy.
b)
the elect.
c)
all those who supported his views.
d)
a spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers.
21.
Luther’s ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany
a)
appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.
b)
were met with dismay by the ruling elite.
c)
led to administrative reform in the empire.
d)
found an audience only among the peasantry.
22.
How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?
a)
Individual parishes selected their leaders, who would decide whether to reform the parish.
b)
Local religious councils determined whether or not to embrace reform.
c)
Individual priests decided whether or not to embrace the reform movement and introduce new doctrines and practices.
d)
The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
23.
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
a)
They believed that individuals were responsible for their own salvation and therefore should be allowed the choice to stay in a marriage or not.
b)
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community.
c)
They believed that the “priesthood of all believers” required that all be treated equally before the law to make decisions about their marriages.
d)
They viewed marriage as a temporary arrangement in this world that had no significance for the afterlife.
24.
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
a)
remained Catholics.
b)
were able to practice the religion of their choice.
c)
converted to Lutheranism.
d)
became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.
25.
Luther viewed celibacy as
a)
opposed to human nature and God’s commandments.
b)
the ideal act of spiritual devotion.
c)
required for all Lutheran pastors.
d)
a gift only the spiritually mature could enjoy.
26.
How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
a)
Upper-class women were freed from the numerous restraints of convent life.
b)
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.
c)
Upper-class women were able to participate in art and literature, which were denied to them in the convent.
d)
Families were forced to take over the care and support of women who had no productive role.
27.
Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?
a)
Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.
b)
To demonstrate the consequences of supporting Catholicism
c)
Mary had married Philip II of Spain against Elizabeth’s wishes.
d)
Elizabeth resented Mary’s beauty and ability to dominate men.
28.
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believe it would
a)
undermine the idea of human sinfulness.
b)
eliminate the idea of the divine right of kings.
c)
detract from the sovereignty of God.
d)
undermine the need for the crucifixion of Christ.
29.
Martin Luther’s first response to the Peasants’ War was
a)
a call to the nobles to crush the peasants.
b)
to undertake penance for the peasants’ sins.
c)
a call for peasants and nobles to unite in a crusade against the Turks.
d)
to side with the peasants.
30.
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
a)
Work was the consequence of sin entering the world; it marked the shame of humankind.
b)
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.
c)
Work marked the duty to which God called the unlearned, freeing the superior minds to contemplation.
d)
Hard work was the duty of criminals and non-Christians so that Christians could pursue holiness.
31.
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
a)
They were exempt from most church taxes.
b)
They saw the Catholic Church as a counterweight to the power of the Polish monarchy.
c)
They believed themselves specially selected by God to preserve the Catholic faith.
d)
They held strong anti-German feelings.
32.
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
a)
mood of fatalism among Calvin’s followers
b)
withdrawal from the world of business and politics.
c)
mass exodus from the city of Geneva.
d)
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.
33.
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
a)
embraced by the high nobility as attacking their clerical rivals.
b)
destroyed by Turks when they seized control of the realm.
c)
rejected by nearly all people as a heresy of the hated Germans.
d)
spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg
34.
The dissolution of the English monasteries
a)
resulted from Henry VIII’s desire to confiscate their wealth.
b)
resulted in a more equitable distribution of land.
c)
deeply disturbed the English upper classes.
d)
was the result of rebellious activities by the monks
35.
How widespread was the influence of the Inquisition?
a)
The Inquisition was filled with internal rivalries and conflicts that prevented it from effectively working outside of a few famous cases.
b)
The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.
c)
The Inquisition had considerable success in all Catholic lands where political leaders supported it.
d)
The Inquisition’s success at rooting out heresy was so effective that many Protestant leaders invited it to work in Protestant lands.
36.
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of
a)
the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.
b)
the missionary activity of the Lollards.
c)
the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches.
d)
efforts by Luther and his followers.
37.
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?
a)
Eliminating the Bohemian church
b)
Reinforcing the power of monarchs
c)
Recognizing bishops as completely independent of secular rulers
d)
Securing reconciliation with the Protestants
38.
The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to
a)
the continued strength of Catholicism in Southern Europe.
b)
the popularity of John Calvin.
c)
popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII’s reformation.
d)
popular support of Luther in his conflict with the pope.
39.
The Edict of Nantes
a)
permitted French Huguenots to worship wherever they wished as long as they continued to pay taxes to the Catholic Church.
b)
ordered all French Huguenots to convert to Catholicism or leave France.
c)
required all Catholic priests in France to swear an oath of loyalty to the king.
d)
granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.
40.
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
a)
supported the efforts of the Puritans.
b)
emphasized personal and public religious conformity
c)
was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.
d)
favored Catholics over Protestants.
41.
What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?
a)
Lutherans and Calvinists believed that secular rulers must be obeyed and respected no matter what their religious beliefs.
b)
Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.
c)
Lutherans taught opposition to ungodly leaders while Calvinists taught obedience to all secular authorities.
d)
Lutherans and Calvinists believed that secular leaders who violated the laws of nature must be opposed, while all others must be obeyed
42.
How did inquisitorial legal procedure differ from the accusatorial legal procedure?
a)
An accuser could be sued if charges were not proven
b)
A suspect would not be told the charges against him
c)
Intense questioning of the suspect did not occur
d)
The subject could not be tortured
43.
What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?
a)
They were found guilty and executed.
b)
They were found innocent and exonerated of any wrongdoing.
c)
They were found guilty and their property seized.
d)
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.
44.
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
a)
spread Protestantism.
b)
prevent English influence from increasing in Germany.
c)
contain Protestantism east of the Rhine.
d)
prevent Charles V from increasing his power.
45.
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
a)
institutional reform.
b)
reconciliation with Protestantism.
c)
to combat heresy and Protestantism.
d)
to uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity.
46.
What is the name given to French Protestants?
a)
Augustinians
b)
Huguenots
c)
Jesuits
d)
Carmelites
47.
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
a)
Ursuline Order
b)
Society of Jesus
c)
Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office
d)
Colloquy of Marburg
48.
What was the name given the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?
a)
Hussites
b)
Anticlerics
c)
Flagellants
d)
Politiques
49.
“To those whom he devotes to condemnation, the gate of life is closed by a just and irreprehensible, but incomprehensible, judgment. How exceedingly presumptuous it is only to inquire into the causes of the Divine will; which is in fact, and is justly entitled to be, the cause of everything that exists.” This quote from John Calvin identifies what concept?
a)
Self-sufficiency
b)
Predestination
c)
Self-determination
d)
Autonomy
50.
“So we call Spiritual Exercises every way of preparing and disposing the soul to rid itself of all inordinate attachments, and, after their removal, of seeking and finding the will of God in the disposition of our life for the salvation of our soul.” What is Ignatius Loyola discussing in this quote?
a)
Methods of supporting the Catholic faith
b)
A method to combat the spread of Protestant teachings
c)
A training program using structured meditation to develop spiritual discipline
d)
Methods used by the Inquisition for trials
51.
“Except, that everyone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage.” How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to Europe’s growing imperial activities?
a)
He argued that integration with local cultures would pollute European culture.
b)
He asserted that Christianity could not be taught to non-Western people.
c)
He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.
d)
He claimed that Europe produced all of the goods it needed and colonial products only led to luxury and moral corruption.
52.
What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Diaz: “To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” Hernán Cortés: “I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant.”
a)
Increasing scientific research and social development
b)
Developing new alliances with indigenous populations and creating trade
c)
Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to Christianity
d)
Cooperating with new cultures in order to advance humanity
53.
“Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people began to die. . . . [B]y report of the oldest men in the country [this had] never happened before. . . . [The people] were persuaded that it was the work of our God.” This quote from Thomas Hariot’s report refers to what effect of European colonization?
a)
The spread of European disease among Native Americans
b)
The conversion of Native Americans to Christianity
c)
European mortality rates
d)
Native American religion
54.
The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532.
a)
Inca Empire
b)
Mexica Empire
c)
Aztec Empire
d)
Olmec Empire
55.
A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
a)
caravel
b)
Port Sail
c)
Starboard Sail
d)
none of these are correct
56.
A second-century work that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of longitude and latitude. Reintroduced to Europeans in 1410 by Arab scholars, its ideas allowed cartographers to create more accurate maps.
a)
Plato's Geography
b)
Socrates Geography
c)
Ptolemy’s Geography
d)
Columbian Exchange
57.
Spanish for “conqueror”; Spanish soldier explorers, such as Hernando Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
a)
viceroyalties
b)
conquistador
c)
El Conqeror
d)
Conqueror
58.
A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery.
a)
Columbian Exchange
b)
Caravel
c)
Atlantic Slave TRade
d)
encomienda system
59.
The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
a)
conquistador
b)
viceroyalties
c)
vice royals
d)
Grande conquistador
60.
The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New worlds.
a)
Columbian exchange
b)
encomienda system
c)
Socialism
d)
Capitalism
61.
The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
a)
Treaty of Tordesillas
b)
Treaty of Tortillias
c)
Treaty of Paris
d)
All this talk about chips is making me hungry
62.
Also known as the Aztec Empire, a large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology.
a)
Inca Empire
b)
Olmex Empire
c)
Mexica Empire
d)
Azteca Empire
63.
The European voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
a)
Indian Ocean trade.
b)
Mediterranean Sea trade.
c)
Baltic Sea trade.
d)
Caribbean Sea trade.
64.
Who was Prester John?
a)
A mythical Christian king in Africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who visited Jesus after his birth
b)
A member of the Portuguese ruling family who helped to organize voyages of exploration and trade down the African coast
c)
An English sea captain who discovered a series of islands off the coast of Africa where slave trading and sugar cultivation were developed
d)
A Dutch missionary who traveled throughout Africa and developed extensive contacts with African rulers
65.
Which of the following characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of Columbus?
a)
Europe was the major western node of the trading system that produced high-quality textiles and metalwork desired by others.
b)
Europe provided the banking and financial services that sustained the world trading system.
c)
Europe served as the most important market for products because it produced few goods.
d)
Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations.
66.
In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company
a)
established outposts in New York (New Amsterdam) and elsewhere in the Americas.
b)
handled the shipment of gold and silver bullion from Spanish America to Spain.
c)
established bases in the Caribbean.
d)
took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.
67.
Which of the following was a major motivation for European exploration?
a)
Desire for material profit
b)
Fear of invasion from the Americas
c)
Fear of invasion from China
d)
Desire to escape from the Black Death
68.
What group of people benefited the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century?
a)
The nobility
b)
The urban working class
c)
The middle class
d)
The upper clergy
69.
After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained which of the following as slaves?
a)
Black Africans
b)
French refugees
c)
English prisoners
d)
Portuguese peasants
70.
How did the introduction of Ptolemy’s Geography mislead European cartographers?
a)
Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.
b)
Ptolemy indicated that Africa had no southern end and could not offer a route to Asia, leading Europeans to explore westward.
c)
Ptolemy argued that a northern route through Russia offered an easier path to Asia, leading England to begin a process of exploration.
d)
Ptolemy claimed that the world was much larger than it actually is, leading the German and Italian lands to abandon colonizing efforts.
71.
Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade?
a)
Princely kingdoms in India
b)
Muslim-controlled port cities
c)
Chinese merchants
d)
The Hindu priestly class
72.
When Vasco da Gama arrived in the Indian Ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters?
a)
He consulted with Muslim cartographers
b)
He kidnapped an African sea captain.
c)
He hired an Indian pilot as his guide.
d)
He took on an African crew for his ships.
73.
What did Columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the Caribbean?
a)
Islands off the coast of India
b)
Islands off the coast of Japan
c)
New, unexpected lands
d)
Islands in the middle of the Atlantic
74.
According to his agreement with the Spanish crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia?
a)
He would be given a noble title and one-half of the revenues of his journey.
b)
He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey.
c)
He would be given the right to claim one-tenth of all lands he discovered as his personal property and be free from all taxation.
d)
He would be named governor of all lands he discovered and receive the right to claim one-tenth of these lands as his personal property.
75.
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?
a)
It divided the Americas, giving Spain everything south of the Caribbean and England everything north of the Caribbean.
b)
It divided the Pacific Ocean, giving Spain everything east of India and Portugal everything west of India.
c)
It divided the Atlantic Ocean, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line.
d)
It divided the Americas, giving Portugal all of the sugar-producing regions and Spain all of the silver-producing regions.
76.
How did Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe affect Spanish colonization?
a)
The possibility of Asian trade led the Spanish to focus on developing its western colonies in the Americas so that it would be easy to travel on to Asia.
b)
The great distance of the Pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in Asia and develop their American colonies instead.
c)
The difficult waters of the Straights of Magellan led Spain to focus on developing its colonies in the eastern parts of the Americas.
d)
The greater wealth in Asian trade led the Spanish to give little attention to the Americas until after Asian trade collapsed in the 1580s.
77.
How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?
a)
They sought a northwest passage across North America.
b)
They sought to develop a new land route through Russia and Siberia.
c)
They sought to travel through the Arctic Ocean.
d)
They sought to follow the Portuguese around Africa but then establish trading posts in India.
78.
In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East; the Turkish Ottomans and the
a)
Egyptian Ptolomies.
b)
Mongol Khans.
c)
Egyptian Mameluks.
d)
Persian Safavids.
79.
What was Hernán Cortés’s crucial advantage in his conquest of the Mexica Empire?
a)
The Mexica were awed by the Spanish technology and submitted to Cortés’s will
b)
The Mexica mistakenly believed that Cortés was a god.
c)
Cortés had a large, well-trained Spanish army against the untrained and poorly organized Mexica forces.
d)
Cortés was able to exploit internal dissention within the Mexica Empire.
80.
Portugal’s participation in European expansion was given critical support by
a)
Prince Henry.
b)
Prince Mark.
c)
Prince Juan.
d)
Prince Philip.
81.
How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca King Atahualpa?
a)
The Spanish ambushed and captured Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him.
b)
The Spanish withdrew from the region and cut off its supplies, starving the Inca army into submission.
c)
The Spanish entered the trap but then surprised the Inca with the use of cannons and defeated the Inca army.
d)
The Spanish allowed themselves to be trapped but intentionally infected their captors with smallpox, which ultimately destroyed the Inca army.
82.
Settlers from the Massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as Connecticut and Rhode Island because
a)
the English government tried to keep colonies small so that colonists would be dependent on the crown.
b)
they were searching for good agricultural land.
c)
there was a planned development to drive the Indians out of the region.
d)
there were religious disputes among the colonists.
83.
How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies?
a)
The monarchy offered rewards and tax exemptions to settlers who informed on corrupt officials.
b)
The monarchy established a type of military rule in which colonists were subject to searches and seizures by the military on accusations of corruption.
c)
The monarchy used the Catholic missionaries to provide information to the crown outside of the official administration.
d)
The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy.
84.
At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were
a)
settled by a civilization of vast wealth and sophistication.
b)
part of a new continent.
c)
isolated from any other land mass.
d)
off the coast of Asia.
85.
How did the encomienda system function?
a)
The Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.
b)
The Spanish crown gave the colonists groups of Native Americans as legal slaves in return for tax revenues and promises of obedience.
c)
The Spanish crown adopted the Native Americans as “protected children” in return for promises of labor and tribute.
d)
The Spanish crown placed the Native Americans under the protection of the Catholic missionaries as long as they learned and embraced the Catholic faith.
86.
Bartolomé de Las Cases asserted that the Indians
a)
had human rights.
b)
had a unique culture that should be respected.
c)
should be denied protection unless they embraced Christianity
d)
were creatures of Satan who could not be converted or trusted.
87.
How did French colonies respond to the problem of the low migration from France?
a)
Convicted criminals in France were sentenced to relocate to the colonies.
b)
Colonial officials encouraged French traders to form ties with and marry native women.
c)
Officials permitted religious freedom in the colonies so that French Protestants would move there.
d)
the French crown paid prostitutes to relocate to the colonies in order to attract male settlers.
88.
How did English colonies differ from other major European colonies in their treatment of African women?
a)
Colonial officials encouraged English men to marry and father children with slave women in order to increase the population of the colonies.
b)
African slave women were banned from English colonies for fear that they would seduce English men.
c)
Colonial law required that children born of Englishmen and African women be sent out of the colony.
d)
English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves.
89.
How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?
a)
They traded for slaves with local leaders.
b)
They captured slaves in warfare.
c)
They seized slaves in raiding parties.
d)
They seized people on the coastline.
90.
Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?
a)
Africans and Europeans migrated to the Americas in roughly equal numbers.
b)
About four times as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans.
c)
About twice as many Europeans migrated to the Americas as did Africans.
d)
African and European men migrated to the Americas in about equal numbers but European women migrated much more frequently than African women.
91.
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the sixteenth century?
a)
Gold and property was seized from Moors and Jews as they were forced out of Spain.
b)
The inflow of silver from the Americas
c)
State debts defaulted on by the monarchy
d)
The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods
92.
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries?
a)
The Spanish, the French, and the Dutch
b)
The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch
c)
The English, the Spanish, and the French
d)
The Spanish, the French, and the English
93.
Shakespeare’s history plays, such as Richard II,
a)
expressed an English national consciousness
b)
glorified the classical ideal.
c)
were usually set in Italy.
d)
were very unpopular at the time.
94.
How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?
a)
Europeans, who were culturally and racially superior, offered guidance to the inferior Africans.
b)
Africans were an alien group unlike any other and were out of necessity placed into bondage.
c)
Africans were a people biologically distinct from the Europeans, and Africans’ physical characteristics produced less intelligent, more primitive people.
d)
Enslavement benefited Africans by bringing Christianity to them.
95.
How did the Turks’ expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?
a)
It opened new trade routes to China over Central Asia.
b)
It forced Europeans to search for alternate trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
c)
It enhanced the influence of the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa in the Eastern Mediterranean.
d)
It enhanced the trade routes with China and East Asia through the Middle East.
96.
How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to eighteenth century?
a)
Arguments supporting slavery increasingly relied on economic justifications of the superiority of slave labor.
b)
Arguments supporting slavery drew increasingly on the need to civilize the savage Africans and less on ideas of race.
c)
Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion.
d)
Arguments supporting slavery emphasized the political needs of empires rather than cultural or religion issues.
97.
Which European nation—with the help of Genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators—initiated an exploration along the Atlantic Coast of Africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper?
a)
Portugal
b)
France
c)
England
d)
Sweden
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