T/F: Purpose of Gait;
~ To assist w/ understanding the gait characteristics of a particular disorder
~ To assist w/ movement diagnosis
~ To inform selection of intervention(s) by guiding therapist
~ To evaluate effectiveness of tx

Proportion of times a method of analysis correctly identifies a condition

Proportion of times analysis correctly identifies a condition being absent when it is truly absent

Degree that a measure reflects what it is supposed to measure

Measurements obtained from successive & repeated use of instrument must be consistent

Manner in which a person walks

Linear distance b/w the point of contact of one heel or toe w/ the ground & the point of contact of the opposite heel or toe w/ the ground. Always named according to the limb moving forward. This should be of equal length in a normal gait pattern

Number of steps per minute; Normal value falls b/w 90-120 steps/min

Linear distance from the point of heel or contact of one lower limb to the subsequent contact of the heel or toe w/ the same lower limb. This would contain both a right and left step length; Normal values fall b/w 70-82 cm (~28-32 in)

Amount of time spent during a single stride

Amount of time spent during a single step

Calculated by dividing the stride distance by the stride duration:
~ Stride Distance / Stride Duration
~ Expressed in cm/sec or m/sec

Phase of gait cycle when foot is in contact w/ the ground; Occupies 60% of gait cycle

Phase of gait cycle in which lower limb is non-weight bearing and moving forward; Occupies 40% of gait cycle

Period of time when the feet of both LE are simultaneously in contact w/ ground; Constitutes ~25% of gait cycle; Inversely proportional to walking speed

During what activity would an individual be in no LE limb support?

Where is the COM in standing?

When does peak vertical displacement occur during the gait cycle?

T/F: The low point of vertical displacement occurs in the phase of double support during the gait cycle?

Pelvic rotation in this plane effectively lengthens the femur from the phase of terminal swing thru initial contact; Allows for minimal displacement of the trunk

Pelvic rotation in this plane creates relative adduction of the weight-bearing limb and a relative abduction of the non-weight bearing limb

T/F: Knee flexion is at its minimum during midstance when the body is passing over the weight-bearing limb

T/F: The prerequisites of normal gait include the following;
* Stability in stance
* Clearance in swing
* Pre-position of foot in terminal swing
* Adequate step length
* Energy conservation

In what phase of the gait cycle does a ground reaction anterior to the hip cause a flexion moment, anterior to the knee cause an extension moment, and posterior to the ankle causing a PF moment?

Fill in the blank: Ground reaction during loading response / foot flat anterior to the hip causes a _______ moment, posterior to the knee causes a _______ moment, and posterior to the ankle causes a _______

T/F: During mid stance of the gait cycle, the ground reaction passes thru the hip joint, resulting in an appreciable flexion moment.

During mid stance, and terminal stance / heel off, which of the following does not help maintain lateral hip stability?

All motions are passive during which phase of the gait cycle?

T/F: During the initial swing / acceleration phase of the gait cycle, hip flexion, and knee flexion help achieve toe clearance.

T/F: During mid swing of the gait cycle, hip flexion of 30 degrees advances the thigh and creates a propulsion force.

Transverse rotations permit which of the following?

Used to describe movement patterns w/o regard for the forces involved in producing movement;
~ Consists of a description of movement of the body as a whole and/or body segments in relation to each other during gait
~ Can be qualitative/quantitivate

Used to determine the forces involved in gait

T/F: The results of Observational Gait Analysis (OGA) are utilized to identify structural & activity limitations, as well as plan intervention(s) and assess outcomes.

Common Gait Deviations:
* Trunk quickly shifts posteriorly at heel strike
* W/ the foot in contact w/ the floor, the hip is maintained in extension during stance phase
* Looks like a rocking horse

Common Gait Deviations:
* Shifts trunk to the affected side during stance phase
* Hip drop

Common Gait Deviations:
* If only the quads are weak, the hip extensors and triceps surae can pull the knee into extension at heel strike
* When hip extensors and triceps surae are also involved, the knee must be physically pushed into extension during stance phase

Common Gait Deviations:
* In stance phase, knee will go into excessive hyperextension
* In deceleration, w/o hamstrings to slow down the swing forward of the lower leg, the knee will snap into extension

Common Gait Deviations:
* In heel strike, may not be able to support the weight of the body as they eccentrically contract
* May result in foot slep, foot drop, or steppage gait

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in no heel rise at push off and is compensated for by a shorter step length on the unaffected side (dragging your feet)
* More pronounced on incline walking

Common Gait Deviations:
* Hip will not go into extension or hyperextension during the mid-stance and push-off (heel off / toe off) phases
* Compensation is an increased anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in excessive dorsiflexion during mid stance, and an early heel rise during push-off
* Shortened step length on unaffected side

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in circumducted gait (many other things can cause this)

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in early heel rise during push-off, the knee will be lifted higher during swing phase and the toes will land first during heel strike

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in limited PF and DF
* Will normally cause shortened stride length
* Difficulty walking on uneven ground

Common Gait Deviations:
* Varies depending on presence of spasticity or flaccidity
* Usually shifts the body to uninvolved side, circumducts affected limb during swing phase, and lands flat footed / toe first at heel strike

Common Gait Deviations:
* Cerebellar involvement results in a wide BOS, jerky, unsteady movements

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in LEs and trunk tending to be flexed, decreased reciprocal arm swing and stride length, COG is forward

Common Gait Deviations:
* Caused by spasticity in hip adductors
* Most evident during swing phase

Common Gait Deviations:
* Results in shortened stance phase
* Want to take weight off affected limb

Common Gait Deviations:
* Discrepancies from 3-5 in are compensated by wlaking on the ball of the foot on involved side
* Most people have LLD of ~1/4 in; pelvis can be dropped to accommodate on affected side

T/F: The 6MWT (6-min walk test) is utilized during kinematic quantitative gait analysis to determine spatial and temporal variables.

Be familiar w/ the Gait Cycle

Which duo was recently featured in a short conversational skit explicitly revealing C7?

If a brawl broke out, who would you feel most safe with?