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Cell Structure and Function

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Jackson, Ethan, and William are working in a hospital lab, examining how medicines affect human cells. They notice that a certain structure around the cell controls which substances can enter or leave, helping the cell stay healthy. What is this structure called?

a)

vacuole

b)

cell wall

c)

cell membrane

d)

lysosome

2.

Nora is learning about how different parts of a cell work. She wants to know which part controls the cell's activities and contains the cell's DNA. Which part is it?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cell membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

golgi body

3.

David is learning about how cells get their energy. He discovers that one part of the cell breaks down glucose to release ATP energy, earning it the nickname "powerhouse" of the cell. Which part of the cell is David learning about?

a)

nucleus

b)

lysosomes

c)

mitochondria

d)

vacuole

4.

Ava is learning about cell organelles in her biology class. She wonders which part of the cell acts like a storage room, keeping water, food, and waste. What is the cell organelle that stores water, food and waste called?

a)

The cytoplasm

b)

The lysosomes

c)

The vacuole

d)

The mitochondria

5.

Isla is learning about plant cells in her science class. Her teacher asks her, "What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?"

a)

To control what enters and leaves the cell.

b)

To break down glucose (food) to release energy for the cell.

c)

To control all activities of the cell.

d)

To produce glucose (food) for the cell using the sun's energy.

6.
The cytoplasm
a)
Is  the gel-like fluid that holds other organelles in place.
b)
Breaks down food to produce energy for the cell.
c)
Is known as the "brain" of the cell.
d)
Is where photosynthesis takes place.
7.

Noah is studying for his biology test and comes across the Cell Theory. Which statement that Noah finds in his notes is NOT part of the Cell Theory?

a)

Only animals are made of cells.

b)

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

c)

All living things are made of cells.

d)

New cells come from existing cells.

8.

Maya is reading about the history of biology and comes across the discovery of cells. She wonders which early scientist first discovered and named cells as "Cells." Who was it?

a)

Robert Brown

b)

Theodore Schwann

c)

Matthias Schleiden

d)

Robert Hooke

9.

Charlotte is studying different types of living things in her biology class. She learns that some organisms are made up of many cells working together. What are these organisms called?

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Eukaryotic

c)

Unicellular

d)

Multicellular

10.

Benjamin is looking at different types of organisms under a microscope in his biology class. He wants to know which of the following types of organisms are Prokaryotes. Which should he choose?

a)

Animals

b)

Plants

c)

Fungi

d)

Bacteria

11.

Unicellular organisms are

a)

Always Prokaryotic

b)

Always Eukaryotic

c)

Made of many cells

d)

Made of one cell

12.
Plant and animal cells are identical. 
a)
True
b)
False
13.

Mason, Henry, and Scarlett are working on a science project about plants. They notice that the plants they are studying have a rigid structure. They discuss which organelle might be responsible for this. What do you think they concluded?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Nucleus

14.
Using this image, what organelle is D?
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Flagella
c)
Rough ER
d)
Smooth ER
15.

Using this image, what organelle is H? (Hint: Big purple organelle)

a)

Vacuole

b)

Flagella

c)

Rough ER

d)

Nucleus

16.
Using this image, what organelle is C?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Large Cell Vacuole
d)
Chloroplast
17.

Using this image, what organelle is G?

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Central Vacuole

d)

Chloroplast

18.

Using this image, what organelle is E? (has DNA inside)

a)
Cell Wall
b)
Nucleus
c)
Vacuole
d)
Chloroplast
19.
Using this image, what organelle is A?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Large Central Vacuole
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Chloroplast
20.

Scarlett is studying for her biology test and comes across a question: What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?

a)

There is no difference.

b)

Plants have rough ER, animals have smooth ER.

c)

What type of injuries the Doctors treat.

d)

Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.

21.

Benjamin is learning about how living things are organized. He wants to know the correct order of organization in the human body, starting from the smallest part to the largest. What is the correct order?

a)

tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism

b)

cell-tissue-organs-organ systems-organism

c)

organism-cells-tissues-organ systems-organism

d)

tissues-cells-organs-organ sytems-organism

22.

While working on a science project, Luna wonders which invention from the 17th century made it possible for scientists to develop modern cell theory. Which invention should she research?

a)

x-rays

b)

computers

c)

the light microscope

d)

the scanning electron microscope

23.

Evelyn is reading a biology textbook and comes across the statement, "All animals are made of cells." She wonders who discovered this fact. Who was it?

a)

Matthias Schleiden

b)

Theodor Schwann

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Rudolf Virchow

24.

Abigail is curious about what all plants are made of. She reads in her science book that all plants are made of cells.  This was discovered by....

a)

Matthias Schleiden

b)

Rudolf Virchow

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Aristotle

25.

Which cell type contains membrane-bound organelles that do different jobs?

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

c)

both

d)

neither

26.

I am the organelle that is involved in protein and lipid production.

a)

endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosome

c)

nucleus

d)

microtubules

27.
I help to keep the shape of the cell and maintain structure.
a)
cytoplasm
b)
nucleus
c)
vesicle
d)
cytoskeleton
28.

Abigail works in a factory where her job is to modify and package products for delivery throughout the company. Which part of a cell does Abigail's job most closely resemble?

a)

ribosome

b)

Golgi complex

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

nucleus

29.

I am the membrane bound sac that transports proteins and other materials throughout the cell.

a)

vesicle

b)

vacuole

c)

ribosome

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

30.
I am found in plant cells but not animal cells.
a)
mitochondria
b)
cell membrane
c)
chloroplast
d)
lysosome
31.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of Cell Theory?
a)
All living things are made of cells.
b)
The cell is the basic unit of life. 
c)
Cells are too small to see without a microscope.  
d)
All cells must come from pre-existing cells.
32.

Emma visits her doctor and is diagnosed with strep throat, which is caused by a bacteria. What type of cells are irritating Emma's throat?

a)

plant cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

c)

prokaryotic cells

d)

animal cells

33.

Abigail is reading a science book and comes across a section about the cell nucleus. She wonders, "What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?"

a)

ER

b)

ATP

c)

YOLO

d)

DNA

34.

Charlotte is learning about how the human body gets rid of waste at the cellular level. She wonders which organelle in a cell is responsible for eliminating waste. 

a)

Nucleus

b)

ER

c)

Vacuole

d)

Lysosome

35.

What is the function of the lysosomes?

a)

To make proteins for the cell

b)

To store water and other materials

c)

To convert food and oxygen into energy

d)

To use enzymes to digest old or worn out cell parts or cell invaders.

36.
The nuclear membrane
a)
Make proteins for the cell
b)
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
c)
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
d)
Make energy for the cell
37.
I am the "trash room" and aid the cell with waste removal. Who am I?
a)
Centriole
b)
Golgi Apparatus
c)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
d)
Lysosome
38.

Aiden is studying different parts of a plant in his science class. He learns that there is a cell structure found in the leaves, but NOT in the roots. Which cell structure is Aiden learning about?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Chloroplasts

c)

Vacuole

d)

Mitochondria

39.

Charlotte is working in a recycling center where she sorts out materials that can be broken down and reused. She comes across a special container filled with substances that can break down plastics, food scraps, and other waste into their basic building blocks, and also helps recycle broken or unused equipment. What is this container most similar to in a cell?

a)

ER

b)

Lysosome

c)

Vacuole

d)

Mitochondria

40.
Differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function
a)
Cell
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Vacuole
d)
Organelle
41.

Which scientist concluded cells can only come from other cells by cell division?

a)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Rudolph Virchow

d)

Theodor Schwann

42.

Charlotte is learning about cells in her science class. Her teacher explains that there is an organelle found in both plant and animal cells that converts sugars into ATP energy, and is often called the powerhouse of the cell. Which organelle is Charlotte's teacher talking about?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Vacuole

43.

Imagine Priya adds a spoonful of sugar to one side of a cup of water. Diffusion is the movement of sugar molecules from

a)

an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

b)

an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

c)

an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.

d)

all of the above

44.

When the concentration of solute molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will

a)

move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.

b)

stop moving across the membrane.

c)

move across the membrane in both directions equally.

d)

move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

45.

Rohan is studying how substances move in and out of cells. He learns that some methods require the cell to use ATP energy. Which means of particle transport requires input of ATP energy from the cell?

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

active transport

46.

Hannah places a raisin in a cup of water and notices that the raisin swells as water moves into it through its skin. The movement of water across the raisin's selectively permeable skin is called

a)

endocytosis

b)

osmosis.

c)

facilitated diffusion.

d)

active transport.

47.

Charlotte places an animal cell in a dish filled with fresh water. The cell bursts because the osmotic pressure causes

a)

water to move into the cell.

b)

water to move out of the cell.

c)

solutes to move into the cell.

d)

solutes to move out of the cell.

48.

Abigail noticed that when she put a drop of food coloring in a glass of water, the color spread throughout the water without her stirring or adding anything. This spreading of color is an example of passive transport because it occurs WITHOUT

a)

cause.

b)

ATP energy.

c)

a concentration gradient.

d)

a cell wall.

49.

Jackson is conducting an experiment with red blood cells. He places the cells into a HYPERTONIC solution, which has a _____ concentration of solute than the interior of the cell. As a result, the cells will ______ when placed into this solution.

a)

lower; shrink

b)

lower; swell

c)

higher; shrink

d)

higher; swell

50.

Aria places a raisin into a hypotonic solution. The solution has a ______ concentration of solute than the raisin's cells, and the raisin's cells will _____ when placed into the hypotonic solution.

a)

lower; swell

b)

lower; shrink

c)

higher; swell

d)

higher; shrink

51.

The picture is an example of _________________.

a)

isotonic

b)

simple diffusion

c)

osmosis

d)

active transport

52.
When both inside and outside of a cell have the same amount of water it is said that the cell has reached a state of ___________.
a)
osmosis
b)
equilibrium
c)
diffusion
d)
hypertonic
53.
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient
a)
simple diffusion
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
osmosis
54.
What forms the channels and pumps in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
hydrophilic heads 
d)
lipids
55.

What do the Cilia that are pictured do?

a)

filter materials that want to enter the cell

b)

filter materials that want to exit the cell

c)

trap harmful bacteria trying to infect the cell

d)

aid in movement of the cell

56.

What is the long tail like structure portion of this cell?

a)

Cilia

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Flagella

d)

Microvilli

57.

The purpose of the cytoskeleton of the cell is.....

a)

to provide structure and support to the cell

b)

to act as a highway system for vessicles in their travel through a cell.

c)

to aid in movement of cels.

d)

all of the above

58.

What type of cells are totipotent, and can differentiate into any type of body cell?

a)

Nerve cells

b)

Cardiac cells

c)

blood cells

d)

stem cells

59.

Why are nerve and bone cells different structurally and functionally?

a)

They have different DNA

b)

They activate and express different genes

c)

They have different instructions from nucleus

d)

They are CRAZY!!! :-)

60.

Once a stem cell differentiates or specializes, it cannot be reversed.

a)

True

b)

False