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States of Consciousness

Total questions: 41

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Wyatt noticed that after a few nights of not getting enough REM sleep, he started experiencing longer periods of REM sleep. What is this phenomenon called?

a)

REM rebound 

b)

NREM sleep

c)

Stage 2 sleep

d)

awakness

2.

During a class trip, Wyatt experienced uncontrollable sleep attacks. What condition might he have?

a)

Night Terrors

b)

Insomnia

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

Sleep Apnea

3.

Wyatt has been experiencing a cessation (stop) in breathing during his sleep, which causes him to wake up repeatedly throughout the night. What condition might he be suffering from?

a)

Insomnia

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Sleep Apnea

d)

Night Terrors

4.

During a sleepover, Alexis and Corey were discussing the period of the sleep cycle when most dreaming occurs. What is this period called?

a)

1

b)

REM

c)

NREM

d)

4

5.

Wyatt often finds himself unable to fall or stay asleep at night. What is this condition called?

a)

narcolepsy

b)

insominia

c)

sleep apnea

d)

REM Rebound

6.

Dylan and Sam were discussing brain activity during different states of consciousness. They wondered what type of waves are produced when someone is awake and relaxed.

a)

Alpha Waves

b)

Beta Waves

c)

Theta Waves

d)

Delta Waves

7.

During a sleepover, August and Marvin were discussing which stage of sleep they spend most of their night in...

a)

stage 2

b)

stage 3

c)

stage 4

d)

REM

8.

During a sleep study, Collin was observed to be in a stage of sleep characterized by almost exclusively delta waves. Which stage of sleep is this?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

5

9.

During a sleepover, Marvin mentioned that he often feels like he's falling when he first drifts off to sleep. Which stage of sleep is Marvin likely experiencing?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

10.

During a sleep study, Alexis noticed that Wyatt was experiencing a phase where his eyes moved rapidly under his eyelids. This phase is known as

a)

Rapid eye movement

b)

Rapid eye motion

c)

Rage eye movement

d)

Random eye movement

11.

Mina and Marvin are discussing their sleep patterns. Mina mentions that each cycle of sleep during a full night’s sleep lasts approximately how long?

a)

120 minutes

b)

90 minutes

c)

80 minutes

d)

100 minutes

12.

Uriel has been awake for 18 hours and is considering driving home. Is Uriel at the same level of risk for a crash as someone who is legally drunk?

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

13.

Mina is studying for her pharmacology exam and comes across a question about pain management. She needs to identify which category morphine belongs to. Can you help her?

a)

barbiturate

b)

hallucinogen

c)

beta blocker

d)

opiate

14.

During a sleepover, Collin and Wyatt were discussing why people dream. Collin mentioned a theory that suggests dreams are the mind's attempt to make sense of random neural activity in the brain while one sleeps. Which dream theory was Collin referring to?

a)

information processing

b)

physiological function

c)

activation synthesis

d)

cognitive development

15.

During a psychology class, Alexis and Mina were discussing different theories about dreams. Whose dream theory suggests that dreams are expressions of wish fulfillment?

a)

William Dement

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Carl Jung

d)

Erik Erikson

16.

The hormone most closely related to one's sleep pattern is:

a)

Serotonin

b)

Dopamine

c)

Norepinephrine

d)

Melatonin

17.

Which dream theory suggests dreams serve an important memory-related function by sorting and sifting through the day's experiences?

a)

information processing

b)

physiological function

c)

activation synthesis

d)

cognitive development

18.

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an altered state of consciousness?

a)

Exercise

b)

Sleep

c)

Hypnosis

d)

Meditation

19.

Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and vivid dreams?

a)

Stage 1

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 3

d)

REM

20.

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of mood and sleep?

a)

Serotonin

b)

Dopamine

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

GABA

21.

the awareness of things that are both inside and outside of ourselves

a)

consciousness

b)

selective attention

c)

preconscious

d)

unconscious

22.

The ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others is termed as ________.

a)

sustained attention

b)

focused attention

c)

selective attention

d)

Stroop effect

23.

Zara went out with her friends to a large gathering. She was trying to follow what her friend was telling her despite the loud noise from the crowd. Suddenly, she heard her name being called out from somewhere behind her. This led her to lose her entire focus on her current conversation with her friend; she became more aware of the conversations going on behind her and she repeatedly looked over her shoulder. Which of the following phenomena is responsible for Zara's actions?

a)

Sustained attention

b)

The cocktail party effect

c)

Inattentional blindness

d)

The Stroop effect

24.

Priming is when ...

a)

when information is processed quickly.

b)

a person is influenced beneath one's conscious awareness but effect one's subsequent thoughts & behaviors

c)

scientists use self-reports to ask people about motives

d)

deeply held biases are revealed through a careful study of social interactions.

25.

Lucid dreaming occurs when people

a)

do not experience REM sleep

b)

experience night terrors

c)

eat large meals immediately before going to sleep

d)

have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming

e)

hallucinate

26.

A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient’s sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?

a)

Somnambulism

b)

Sleep terrors

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

REM behavior disorder

e)

Sleep apnea

27.

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally’s explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?

a)

Housekeeping

b)

Feedback deprivation

c)

Wish fulfillment

d)

Cognitive problem-solving

e)

Activation-synthesis

28.

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?

a)

Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

b)

Possible muscle contractions and sensations of falling

c)

Likelihood of sleepwalking and sleep talking

d)

Slow breathing, low heart rate, low blood pressure

e)

Acting out dreams and bed-wetting

29.

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

a)

Sleep apnea

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Insomnia

d)

Night terrors

e)

The REM rebound effect

30.

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?

a)

It is correlated with dreaming.

b)

It leads to a marked increase in muscle tone.

c)

It alternates with NREM sleep in 30-minute cycles.

d)

It occurs during the first half of an individual’s sleep cycle.

e)

It involves decreased blood pressure and heart rate.

31.

Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam’s being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following?

a)

The manifest content

b)

The latent content

c)

Memory consolidation

d)

Repression

e)

A hypnagogic hallucination

32.

Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response?

a)

His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.

b)

His stages of sleep are out of order.

c)

His delta waves have lost significant amplitude.

d)

He has narcolepsy.

e)

He is experiencing REM rebound.

33.

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as

a)

spontaneous neural activity

b)

the biofeedback monitor

c)

a fixed-interval schedule

d)

a circadian rhythm

e)

active consciousness

34.

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for

a)

decreasing repression

b)

sublimating the id

c)

strengthening the superego

d)

displacing instinctual forces

e)

gaining insight into unconscious motives

35.

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?

a)

Sleep apnea

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Insomnia

d)

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

e)

Somnambulism

36.

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?

a)

Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

b)

Possible muscle contractions and sensations of falling

c)

Likelihood of sleepwalking and sleep talking

d)

Slow breathing, low heart rate, low blood pressure

e)

Acting out dreams and bed-wetting

37.

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally’s explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?

a)

Housekeeping

b)

Feedback deprivation

c)

Wish fulfillment

d)

Cognitive problem-solving

e)

Activation-synthesis

38.

A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient’s sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?

a)

Somnambulism

b)

Sleep terrors

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

REM behavior disorder

e)

Sleep apnea

39.

Ernest and Josephine Hilgard conducted experiments in which participants had one hand in painfully icy water and the other hand on a button to alert the experimenter of feelings of pain. After the participants were hypnotized to not feel pain, participants did not verbally report feeling pain even though they subconsciously pressed the button to indicate that they felt pain. How did the experimenters explain the contradiction in pain perception?

a)

The participants cannot be hypnotized.

b)

The participants are experiencing a psychotic breakdown.

c)

The participants are experiencing dissociation.

d)

The participants are repressing the pain in their unconscious.

e)

The participants are dreaming.

40.

Lucid dreaming occurs when people

a)

do not experience REM sleep

b)

experience night terrors

c)

eat large meals immediately before going to sleep

d)

have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming

e)

hallucinate

41.

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Melatonin

d)

Testosterone

e)

Estrogen