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WorksheetsCHAPTER 10: Tissue Response to Injury
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 41mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Phases of the healing process overlap one another and have no definitive beginning or end points.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
2.
REDNESS, SWELLING, TENDERNESS, INCREASED TEMPERATURE, AND LOSS OF FUNCTION ARE ALL SIGNS OF WHAT?
a)
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
b)
FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR
c)
MATURATION-REMODELING
d)
OVERUSE INJURY
3.
HISTAMINE, LEUKOTRIENES, AND CYTOKINES ARE ALL CHEMICAL MEDIATORS INITIATED DURING WHICH PHASE?
a)
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
b)
FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR
c)
MATURATION-REMODELING
d)
NONE
4.
CLOT FORMATION BEGINS AROUND _______ HOURS AFTER INJURY AND IS COMPLETED WITHIN ______ HOURS.
a)
12 AND 48
b)
5 AND 24
c)
3 AND 15
d)
12 AND 40
5.
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE LASTS FOR HOW MANY DAYS?
a)
1-4
b)
2-4
c)
5-6
d)
7-12
6.
________________ IS WHEN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DOES NOT RESPOND SUFFICIENTLY TO ELIMINATE THE INJURING AGENT AND RESTORE TISSUE AND AS THE INFLAMMATION PERSISTS, DAMAGE OCCURS TO CONNECTIVE TISSUE
a)
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
b)
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
c)
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
d)
MATURATION-REMODELING
7.
THERE IS A SPECIFIC TIME FRAME IN WHICH THE ACUTE INFLAMMATION TRANSITIONS TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
8.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN BE TREATED BY BOTH PHYSICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TX.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
9.
WHAT DOES THE FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR PHASE LEAD TO?
a)
SCAR FORMATION
b)
CLOT FORMATION
c)
REMODELING OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
d)
INFLAMMATION
10.
HOW LONG DOES THE FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR PHASE LAST?
a)
4-8 WEEKS
b)
10-12 WEEKS
c)
4-6 WEEKS
d)
2-4 WEEKS
11.
DURING THE FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR PHASE THE PT WILL STILL EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INFLAMMATION PROCESS.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
12.
WHERE IS TYPE 1 COLLAGEN FOUND?
a)
SKIN,FASCIAE, TENDON, BONE, LIGAMENTS, CARTILAGE, INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
b)
HYALINE CARTRILGE AND VERTEBRAL DISKS
c)
SMOOTH MUSCLE AND BLOOD VESSESLS
d)
NERVES
13.
WHICH TYPE OF COLLAGEN HAS GREATER TENSILE STRENGTH?
a)
TYPE 1
b)
TYPE 2
c)
TYPE 3
d)
TYPE 4
14.
HOW DO WE KNOW THE MATURATION PHASE IS BEGINNING?
a)
FIBROCLASTS DIMINISH
b)
FIBROBLASTS DIMINISH
c)
FIBROCLASTS INCREASE IN NUMBER
d)
FIBROBLASTS INCREASE IN NUMBER
15.
REALIGNMENT AND REMODELING OF COLLAGEN FIBERS HAPPENS DURING WHICH PHASE?
a)
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
b)
FIBROBLASTIC REPAIR
c)
MATURATION-REMODELING
d)
NONE
16.
THE SCAR THAT BODY BUILDS AFTER AN INJURY WILL BE MUCH STRONGER THAN THE NORMAL UNINJURED TISSUE.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
17.
____________ LAW STATES BONE AND SOFT TISSUE WILL RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS PLACED ON THEM CAUSING THEM TO REMODEL OR REALIGN ALONG LINES OF TENSILE FORCE
a)
SALADIN'S
b)
WOLFF'S
c)
MCGRAW'S
d)
ARHIMEN'S
18.
HOW LONG WILL THE MATURATION-REMODELING PHASE LAST?
a)
1-2 MONTHS
b)
6 MONTHS
c)
1 YEAR
d)
SEVERAL YEARS
19.
CONTROLLED MOBILIZATION IS BETTER THAN IMMOBILIZATION BECAUSE IT FACILITATES TISSUE REMODELING AND REALIGNMENT OF MUSCLE FIBERS AND TENSILE PROPERTIES.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
20.
AGGRESSIVE ACTIVE RANGE OF MOTION AND STRENGTHENING SHOULD HAPPEN DURING WHICH PHASE?
a)
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
b)
FIBROBALSTIC REPAIR
c)
MATURATION - REMODELING
d)
NONE
21.
WHAT WILL BE AN INDICATOR THAT THE AT CAN MOVE TO MORE DIFFICULT EXERCISES OR THEY SHOULD GO BACK TO EASIER EXERCISES?
a)
PAIN
b)
THE PATIENT
c)
INFLAMMATION
d)
SCAR TISSUE
22.
WHAT IS METAPLASIA?
a)
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE
b)
CONVERSION OF NONE TISSUE INTO A FORM THAT IS NOT NORMAL FOR THAT TISSUE
c)
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE DUE TO CELL DEATH
d)
INCREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE
23.
WHAT IS DYSPLASIA?
a)
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE
b)
CONVERSION OF NONE TISSUE INTO A FORM THAT IS NOT NORMAL FOR THAT TISSUE
c)
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE DUE TO CELL DEATH
d)
INCREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE
24.
WHAT IS HYPERPLASIA
a)
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE
b)
EXCESSIVE PROLIFERATION OF NORMAL CELLS IN THE NORMAL TISSUE ARRAGNEMENT
c)
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE DUE TO CELL DEATH
d)
INCREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE
25.
WHAT IS ATROPHY?
a)
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE
b)
EXCESSIVE PROLIFERATION OF NORMAL CELLS IN THE NORMAL TISSUE ARRAGNEMENT
c)
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE DUE TO CELL DEATH
d)
INCREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE
26.
WHAT IS HYPERTROPHY?
a)
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE
b)
EXCESSIVE PROLIFERATION OF NORMAL CELLS IN THE NORMAL TISSUE ARRAGNEMENT
c)
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE DUE TO CELL DEATH
d)
INCREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE
27.
CARTILAGE OFTEN FAILS TO HEAL DUE TO THE FAILURE TO FORM A __________ OR ELICIT A ____________ RESPONSE.
a)
CLOT;CELLULAR
b)
SCAR;CELLULAR
c)
CALLUS; MATURATION-REMODELING
d)
CLOT; FIBROBLASTS
28.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FIRST IN REGARDS TO LIGAMENT HEALING?
a)
LOOS OF BLOOD FROM VESSELS, INFLAMMATION GOES TO INJURY SITE
b)
FIBROBLASTS CREATE NEW CAPILLARIES RESULTING IN FIBRIN CLOT
c)
SCAR MATURES AND COLLAGEN REALINGS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS PLACED ON IT
d)
GRADUAL DECREASE IN FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, A DECREASE IN VASCULARITY, AND A MAX INCREASE IN COLLAGEN DENSITY OF THE SCAR
29.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS SECOND IN REGARDS TO LIGAMENT HEALING?
a)
LOOS OF BLOOD FROM VESSELS, INFLAMMATION GOES TO INJURY SITE
b)
FIBROBLASTS CREATE NEW CAPILLARIES RESULTING IN FIBRIN CLOT
c)
SCAR MATURES AND COLLAGEN REALINGS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS PLACED ON IT
d)
GRADUAL DECREASE IN FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, A DECREASE IN VASCULARITY, AND A MAX INCREASE IN COLLAGEN DENSITY OF THE SCAR
30.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS THIRD IN REGARDS TO LIGAMENT HEALING?
a)
LOOS OF BLOOD FROM VESSELS, INFLAMMATION GOES TO INJURY SITE
b)
FIBROBLASTS CREATE NEW CAPILLARIES RESULTING IN FIBRIN CLOT
c)
COLLAGEN IS SYNTHESZIED WHICH HELPS CREATE SCAR
d)
GRADUAL DECREASE IN FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, A DECREASE IN VASCULARITY, AND A MAX INCREASE IN COLLAGEN DENSITY OF THE SCAR
31.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FOURTH IN REGARDS TO LIGAMENT HEALING?
a)
SCAR MATURES AND COLLAGEN REALINGS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS PLACED ON IT
b)
FIBROBLASTS CREATE NEW CAPILLARIES RESULTING IN FIBRIN CLOT
c)
COLLAGEN IS SYNTHESZIED WHICH HELPS CREATE SCAR
d)
GRADUAL DECREASE IN FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, A DECREASE IN VASCULARITY, AND A MAX INCREASE IN COLLAGEN DENSITY OF THE SCAR
32.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FIFTH IN REGARDS TO LIGAMENT HEALING?
a)
SCAR MATURES AND COLLAGEN REALINGS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS PLACED ON IT
b)
FIBROBLASTS CREATE NEW CAPILLARIES RESULTING IN FIBRIN CLOT
c)
COLLAGEN IS SYNTHESZIED WHICH HELPS CREATE SCAR
d)
GRADUAL DECREASE IN FIBROBLASTIC ACTIVITY, A DECREASE IN VASCULARITY, AND A MAX INCREASE IN COLLAGEN DENSITY OF THE SCAR
33.
AFTER LIGAMENT DAMAGE THE JOINT WILL BE AS STABLE AS BEFORE THE INJURY OCCURRED.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
34.
ACTIVELY EXERCISED LIGAMENTS ARE BETTER THAN IMMOBILIZED LIGAMENTS AFTER AN INJURY BECAUSE IT RESULTS IN:
a)
DECREASE IN TENSILE STRENGTH
b)
AN INCREASE IN TENSILE STRENGTH AND INSERTION STRENGTH
c)
IT DECREASES INFLAMMATION
d)
IT CAUSES A SCAR TO FORM
35.
HOW CAN WE RESTORE JOINT STABILITY AFTER LIGAMENT DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED?
a)
STRENGTHEN THE BONE
b)
STREGNTHEN THE MUSCLES AND TENDONS AROUND THE LIGAMENT
c)
WEAR A BRACE
d)
YOU CAN'T RESTORE STABILITY
36.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FIRST IN REGARDS TO MUSCLE HEALING?
a)
HEMORRHAGE AND EDEMA
b)
PHAGOCYTOSIS TO CLEAR DEBRIS
c)
COLLAGEN MATURES AND ORIENTS ALONG LINES OF TENSILE FORCE
d)
FIBROSIS AND SCARRING OCCUR DUE TO FIBROBLAST ACTIVITY
37.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS SECOND IN REGARDS TO MUSCLE HEALING?
a)
HEMORRHAGE AND EDEMA
b)
PHAGOCYTOSIS TO CLEAR DEBRIS
c)
COLLAGEN MATURES AND ORIENTS ALONG LINES OF TENSILE FORCE
d)
FIBROSIS AND SCARRING OCCUR DUE TO FIBROBLAST ACTIVITY
38.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS THIRD IN REGARDS TO MUSCLE HEALING?
a)
HEMORRHAGE AND EDEMA
b)
PHAGOCYTOSIS TO CLEAR DEBRIS
c)
COLLAGEN MATURES AND ORIENTS ALONG LINES OF TENSILE FORCE
d)
FIBROSIS AND SCARRING OCCUR DUE TO FIBROBLAST ACTIVITY
39.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FOURTH IN REGARDS TO MUSCLE HEALING?
a)
HEMORRHAGE AND EDEMA
b)
PHAGOCYTOSIS TO CLEAR DEBRIS
c)
COLLAGEN MATURES AND ORIENTS ALONG LINES OF TENSILE FORCE
d)
FIBROSIS AND SCARRING OCCUR DUE TO FIBROBLAST ACTIVITY
40.
WHICH TAKES LONGER TO HEAL, MUSCLE OR LIGAMENT?
a)
MUSCLE
b)
LIGAMENT
41.
HOW LONG DOES A TYPICAL HAMSTRING INJURY LAST?
a)
1-2 WEEKS
b)
6-8 WEEKS
c)
10-15 WEEKS
d)
4-8 WEEKS
42.
HOW LONG SHOULD AN ATHLETE WAIT BEFORE ALLOWING A STRONG PULL ON A TENDON?
a)
2-9 WEEKS
b)
3-6 WEEKS
c)
4-5 WEEKS
d)
3 MONTHS
43.
NERVE CELLS CAN STILL REGENERATE ONCE THE NERVE CELL DIES
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
44.
NERVE FIBERS CAN ONLY REGENERATE IF THE INJURY DOES NOT AFFECT THE CELL BODY.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
45.
THE FARTHER THE INJURY IS FROM THE CELL BODY THE EASIER THE REGENERATIVE PROCESS FOR A NERVE.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
46.
HOW FAST DO NERVES REGENERATE PER DAY?
a)
1 INCH
b)
8-9 MILLIMETERS
c)
3-4 MILLIMETERS
d)
1 MILLIMETER
47.
WHAT ARE NSAIDs?
a)
NON STEROIDAL ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
b)
NON STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
c)
NEW SPECIAL ANTI-INFLMMATORY DRUGS
d)
NON SPORT ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
48.
HEAT __________ AN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND COLD __________ DOWN THE RESPONSE.
a)
FACILITATES ; SLOWS
b)
SLOWS ; FACILITATES
c)
STOPS ; SLOWS
d)
THEY DON'T HELP AT ALL
49.
WHAT IS THE GOAL FOR SOFT-TISSUE AND LIGAMENTOUS TISSUE THROUGH EXERCISE REHABILITATION?
a)
PAIN-FREE ROM, FULL STREGNTH AND EXTENSIBILITY
b)
FULL AROM, PARTIAL STRENGTH AND 80% EXTENSIBILITY
c)
PAINFUL BUT FULL ROM, 80% STRENGTH AND EXTENSIBILITY
d)
PAIN-FREE ROM
50.
THE MAIN PURPOSE OF PROLOTHERAPY IS TO DECREASE INFLAMMATION.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
51.
WHAT IS A PRP INJECTION?
a)
PLATELET-RICH PLASMA
b)
POSSIBLE RETURN PROGRESSION
c)
PROLOTHERAPY RENEW PROCEDURE
d)
PLATELET RENEW PROCEDURE
52.
A PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTION USES THE PATIENT'S OWN ____________ TO PROMOTE NATURAL HEALING.
a)
RED BLOOD CELLS
b)
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
c)
PLASMA
d)
T CELLS
53.
PRP INJECTIONS CAN TREAT TENDINOSIS, TENDINITIS, SPRAINS, STRAINS, OSTEOARTHRITIS, WOUNDS, AND FIBROCARTILAGE TEARS
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
54.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FIRST DURING BONE HEALING?
a)
CALLUS CRYSTALLIZES INTO BONE
b)
OSTEOCLASTS REABSORB BONE FRAGMENTS AND CLEAN DEBRIS
c)
BLOOD VESSELS ARE BROKEN AT THE FX LINE; BLOOD CLOTS AND FORMS A HEMATOMA
d)
CHRONDROBLAST CELLS BEGIN PRODUCING FIBROCARTILAGE, CREATING A CALLUS
55.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS SECOND DURING BONE HEALING?
a)
CALLUS CRYSTALLIZES INTO BONE
b)
OSTEOCLASTS REABSORB BONE FRAGMENTS AND CLEAN DEBRIS
c)
BLOOD VESSELS ARE BROKEN AT THE FX LINE; BLOOD CLOTS AND FORMS A HEMATOMA
d)
CHRONDROBLAST CELLS BEGIN PRODUCING FIBROCARTILAGE, CREATING A CALLUS
56.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS THIRD DURING BONE HEALING?
a)
CALLUS CRYSTALLIZES INTO BONE
b)
OSTEOCLASTS REABSORB BONE FRAGMENTS AND CLEAN DEBRIS
c)
BLOOD VESSELS ARE BROKEN AT THE FX LINE; BLOOD CLOTS AND FORMS A HEMATOMA
d)
CHRONDROBLAST CELLS BEGIN PRODUCING FIBROCARTILAGE, CREATING A CALLUS
57.
WHICH EVENT HAPPENS FOURTH DURING BONE HEALING?
a)
CALLUS CRYSTALLIZES INTO BONE
b)
OSTEOCLASTS REABSORB BONE FRAGMENTS AND CLEAN DEBRIS
c)
BLOOD VESSELS ARE BROKEN AT THE FX LINE; BLOOD CLOTS AND FORMS A HEMATOMA
d)
CHRONDROBLAST CELLS BEGIN PRODUCING FIBROCARTILAGE, CREATING A CALLUS
58.
WHAT IS THE HEALING TIME FOR A FRACTURE?
a)
1 WEEK
b)
3-8 WEEKS
c)
9-10 WEEKS
d)
4 WEEKS
59.
HOW LONG AFTER THE CAST IS REMOVED CAN OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY CONTINUE?
a)
5 YEARS
b)
1 YEAR
c)
10 YEARS
d)
2-3 YEARS
60.
WHERE DOES AVASCULAR NECROSIS NORMALLY OCCUR IN THE BODY?
a)
TIBIA AND FIBULA
b)
FEMER, HUMERUS, OLECRANON PROCESS
c)
HEAD OF FEMUR, SCAPHOID/NAVICULAR, TALUS
d)
PHALANGES, VERTEBRAE, CLAVICLE
61.
IF OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY IS GREATER THAN THE OSTEOBLAST ACTIVITY WHAT INJURY CAN AN ATHLETE BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO?
a)
SPRAINS
b)
STRAINS
c)
DISLOCATIONS
d)
STRESS FRACTURES
62.
WHAT CAN HAPPEN TO UNHEALED STRESS FRACTURES OVER TIME?
a)
THEY WILL HEAL
b)
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
c)
THEY WILL TURN INTO CORTICAL FRACTURES THAT CAN BECOME DISPLACED
d)
THEY WILL LOSE FUNCTION OF THAT BODY PART
63.
HOW DO SHIN SPLINTS GO AWAY
a)
USE COMPRESSION
b)
STOP/SLOW THE ACTIVITY
c)
USE ICE
d)
CHANGE SHOES
64.
ACUTE PAIN IS DEFINED AS LASTING LESS THAN _______ MONTHS. CHRONIC PAIN IS ANYTHING PAST THAT TIME
a)
8 MONTHS
b)
12 MONTHS
c)
6 MONTHS
d)
2 MONTHS
65.
PAIN THAT OCCURS AWAY FORM THE ACTUAL SITE OF IRRITATION IS KNOWN AS WHAT ?
a)
REFERRED PAIN
b)
ACUTE
c)
CHRONIC
d)
CUTANEOUS
66.
WHAT IS SCLEROTOMIC PAIN CHARACTERIZED AS?
a)
SHARP AND WELL LOCALIZED
b)
DEEP, ACHING, POORLY LOCALIZED PAIN
c)
MUSCLE PAIN
d)
REFFERED
67.
WHAT IS DERMATOMIC PAIN CHARACTERIZED AS?
a)
SHARP AND WELL LOCALIZED
b)
DEEP, ACHING, POORLY LOCALIZED PAIN
c)
MUSCLE PAIN
d)
REFFERED
68.
Afferent nerves transmit impulse from the peripheral towards the ______________
a)
brain
b)
spinal cord
c)
origin
d)
insertion
69.
EFFERENT NERVES CARRY IMPULSES FROM THE ____________ TOWARD THE PERIPHERY.
a)
SPINAL CORD
b)
BRAIN
c)
ORIGIN
d)
INSERTION
70.
WHICH NERUONS ARE LARGE DIAMETER AFFERENTS?
a)
ALPHA AND GAMMA
b)
ALPHA AND C
c)
ALPHA AND BETA
d)
BETA AND GAMMA
71.
WHICH NERUONS ARE SMALL DIAMETER AFFERENTS?
a)
BETA AND GAMMA
b)
ALPHA AND C
c)
ALPHA AND BETA
d)
C AND GAMMA
72.
WHICH NERVE FIBERS TRANSMIT SENSATIONS OF PAIN AND TEMPERATURE?
a)
GAMMA AND C
b)
BETA AND ALPHA
c)
GAMMA AND BETA
d)
C AND ALPHA
73.
WHICH FIBER(S) TRANSMIT "FAST PAIN" AND WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED?
a)
BETA; SKIN
b)
GAMMA; SKIN
c)
C; LIGAMENTS
d)
GAMMA; MUSCLES
74.
WHICH FIBERS TRANSMIT "SLOW PAIN" AND WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED?
a)
C; SKIN, LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES
b)
GAMMA; SKIN, LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES
c)
BETA; LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES
d)
ALPHA; SKIN
75.
WHAT IS A NEUROTRANSMITTER?
a)
CHEMICAL THAT FACLIITATES INFORMATION TO PASS BETWEEN NEURONS
b)
A NERVE THAT IS FOUND IN THE SPINE
c)
AN AFFERENT NERVE IN MUSCLE TISSUE
d)
A CHEMICAL THAT STOPS INFORMATION FROM PASSING BETWEEN NERUONS
76.
WHICH FIBER OVERRIDES THE PAIN INFORMATION AT THE SPINAL CORD AND THUS CLOSES THE GATE IN THE GATE CONTROL THEORY?
a)
ALPHA
b)
C
c)
BETA
d)
GAMMA
77.
STIMULATION OF DESCENDING PATHWAYS INHIBIT PAIN CARRIED ALONG GAMMA AND C FIBERS. INFORMATION COMING FROM HIGHER CENTERS IN THE BRAIN RELEASE NEUROTRANSMITTERS WHICH BLOCK IMPULSES FROM THE GAMMA AND C FIBERS THUS STOPPING PAIN IS THE DESCRIPTION OF WHICH PAIN CONTROL THEORY ?
a)
GATE CONTROL
b)
DESCENDING PATHWAY
c)
RELEASE OF B-ENDORPHIN
d)
NONE
78.
NOXIOUS STIMULATION RESULTS IN IMPULSES BEING CARRIED ALONG GAMMA AND C FIBERS STIMULATE THE RELEASE OF WHAT CHEMICAL TO CONTROL PAIN?
a)
SEROTONIN
b)
B-ENDORPHIN
c)
NOREPINEPHRINE
d)
ENKEPHALIN
79.
WHEN HEAT OR COLD IS USED WHAT PAIN MODEL IS BEING USED?
a)
GATE CONTROL
b)
DESCENDING PATHWAY
c)
RELEASE OF B-ENDORPHIN
d)
NONE
80.
WHICH PAIN CONTROL THEROY IS USED WHEN APPLYING NOXIOUS STIMULATION OR MASSAGE?
a)
GATE CONTROL
b)
DESCENDING PATHWAY
c)
RELEASE OF B-ENDORPHIN
d)
NONE
81.
WHAT TYPE OF PT HAS A LOWER TOLERANCE FOR PAIN?
a)
anxious, dependent, and immature
b)
young
c)
older and depressed
d)
physically disabled
82.
PAIN IS PERCEIVED AS BEGIN WORSE AT NIGHT BECAUSE PTs ARE MORE AWARE AND DEVOID OF EXTERNAL DIVERSIONS.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
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