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WorksheetsChemical Texture Services
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 4hrs 15mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
It is important for stylists to remember that ammonia-free does not necessarily mean _____.
a)
acid-free
b)
odor-free
c)
damage-free
d)
heat-free
heat-free
heat-free
2.
What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?
a)
Keratin proteins
b)
Peptide bonds
c)
Amino acids
d)
Polypeptide chains
3.
What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react?
a)
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds
b)
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and oxygen
c)
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and hydrogen bonds
d)
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and square bonds
4.
What determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process?
a)
The color of the hair
b)
The size of the rod
c)
The length of the hair
d)
The texture of the hair
5.
What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together?
a)
Disulfide bonds
b)
Keratin bonds
c)
Peptide bonds
d)
Amino acids
6.
Modern acid waves are actually _____ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH.
a)
alkaline-balanced
b)
weaker
c)
stronger
d)
acid-balanced
7.
In a _____, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod.
a)
basic permanent wrap
b)
croqiognole perm wrap
c)
spiral perm wrap
d)
curvature permanent wrap
8.
Without a thorough understanding of _____, cosmetologists could damage hair, cause hair loss, and harm their clients and themselves.
a)
chemistry
b)
color theory
c)
immunology
d)
branding
9.
Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pith or core of the hair?
a)
Hair shaft
b)
Medulla
c)
Cuticle
d)
Cortex
10.
Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are _____.
a)
no-lye relaxers
b)
ammonium thioglycolate
c)
guanidine hydroxide relaxers
d)
potassium hydroxide relaxers
11.
_____ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.
a)
Exothermic
b)
Acid-balanced
c)
Ammonia-free
d)
Endothermic
12.
_____ give you the ability to permanently change the hair’s natural wave and curl pattern, thereby offering clients a variety of styling options that would not otherwise be possible.
a)
Chemical hair softening
b)
Alternative texture services
c)
Chemical texture services
d)
Natural hair services
13.
What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base?
a)
Metal hydroxide relaxer
b)
No-base relaxer
c)
Cream relaxer
d)
Base cream relaxer
14.
Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up _____.
a)
neutralizing
b)
conditioning
c)
formulation
d)
processing
15.
During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is _____.
a)
sufficiently relaxed
b)
insufficiently relaxed
c)
normalized
d)
overprocessed
16.
What is the most common type of perm rod?
a)
Soft bender rods
b)
Straight rods
c)
Curved rods
d)
Concave rods
17.
Where should you start the application of the chemical relaxer, often considered the most resistant area?
a)
Back of the head
b)
Side area
c)
Front hairline
d)
Scalp area
18.
Alkaline waves, also known as _____, were developed in 1941.
a)
cold waves
b)
weak waves
c)
strong waves
d)
hot waves
19.
_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
a)
Off-base placement
b)
Base placement
c)
Half off-base placement
d)
On-base placement
20.
Hair that has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer is unfit for _____ and will not hold a curl.
a)
a haircut
b)
color services
c)
permanent waving
d)
wig fitting
21.
Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH?
a)
Keratin proteins
b)
Disulfide bonds
c)
Hydrogen bonds
d)
Salt bonds
22.
What is a very effective technique for blending between perm rods with opposite base directions using zigzag partings to divide base areas?
a)
Weave technique
b)
Basic permanent wrap
c)
Spiral perm wrap
d)
Curvature permanent wrap
23.
What is a very effective technique for blending between perm rods with opposite base directions using zigzag partings to divide base areas?
a)
Weave technique
b)
Basic permanent wrap
c)
Spiral perm wrap
d)
Curvature permanent wrap
24.
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?
a)
Sodium hydrochloride
b)
Glyceryl monothioglycolate
c)
Ammonium thioglycolic
d)
Sodium hydroxide
25.
The _____ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.
a)
spiral wrap
b)
single flat wrap
c)
bookend wrap
d)
double flat wrap
26.
Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with _____.
a)
conditioning solutions
b)
color shampoos
c)
normalizing solutions
d)
thio relaxers
27.
In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of _____.
a)
sodium
b)
carbon
c)
hydrogen
d)
oxygen
28.
_____, often found in home haircoloring products, leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage.
a)
Peroxide
b)
Waving solution
c)
Metallic salts
d)
Ammonia
29.
All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and _____.
a)
stabilizer
b)
conditioner
c)
activator
d)
prewrap
30.
Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered _____.
a)
underprocessed
b)
underneutralized
c)
tinted
d)
overprocessed
31.
Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to _____.
a)
swell and set the shaft
b)
soften and swell the shaft
c)
expand and harden the shaft
d)
harden and close the shaft
32.
All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into _____.
a)
base sections
b)
panels
c)
subsections
d)
parts
33.
_____ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
a)
Low-pH
b)
Ammonia-free
c)
Exothermic
d)
Endothermic
34.
_____, also known as circle rods, are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop.
a)
Loop rods
b)
Concave rods
c)
Soft bender rods
d)
Curved rods
35.
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become _____ and cause further damage, including breakage.
a)
tinted
b)
straighter
c)
shorter
d)
curlier
36.
The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are _____.
a)
croquignole and spiral
b)
flat and spiral
c)
croquignole and even
d)
spiral and perpendicular
37.
In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the _____.
a)
long rods
b)
sectioning
c)
hair length
d)
wrapping method
38.
Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?
a)
Neutralizing relaxers
b)
Calcium hydroxide relaxers
c)
Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
d)
Metal hydroxide relaxers
Metal hydroxide relaxers
Metal hydroxide relaxers
39.
_____ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.
a)
Liquidity
b)
Fluidity
c)
Viscosity
d)
Movement
40.
What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?
a)
Cortex
b)
Cuticle
c)
Medulla
d)
Hair shaft
41.
What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers?
a)
Lithium ion
b)
Peroxide ion
c)
Hydrogen ion
d)
Keratin ion
42.
Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?
a)
Amino acids
b)
Keratin proteins
c)
Polypeptide chains
d)
Peptide bonds
43.
Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?
a)
Cortex
b)
Cuticle
c)
Medulla
d)
Hair shaft
44.
What soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
a)
Soft bender rods
b)
Straight rods
c)
Concave rods
d)
Curved rods
45.
_____ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.
a)
Base sections
b)
Base wrapping
c)
Base direction
d)
Base placement
46.
The _____ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains.
a)
salinity
b)
oxygen content
c)
pH scale
d)
radioactivity level
47.
Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a(n) _____.
a)
lanthionine bond
b)
normalization bond
c)
acidic bond
d)
amino bond
48.
The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential _____, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of _____ ions in solution.
a)
hydrogen; oxygen
b)
hydrogen; hydrogen
c)
oxygen; oxygen
d)
oxygen; nitrogen
49.
What is the process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form?
a)
Texturizing
b)
Permanent waving
c)
Chemical hair relaxing
d)
Chemical softening
50.
What is another name for the double-rod wrap technique?
a)
Spiral wrap
b)
Piggyback wrap
c)
Straight wrap
d)
Weave technique
51.
What waving solutions use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, as the primary reducing agent?
a)
Thio-free
b)
Ammonia-free
c)
Endothermic
d)
Exothermic
52.
The _____ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.
a)
spiral wrap
b)
single flat wrap
c)
double flat wrap
d)
bookend wrap
53.
The _____, also known as straight set wrap, is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.
a)
spiral perm wrap
b)
weave technique
c)
basic permanent wrap
d)
curvature permanent wrap
54.
Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?
a)
Amino acids
b)
Peptide bonds
c)
Polypeptide chains
d)
Keratin proteins
55.
Which wrap utilizes partings and bases throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head?
a)
Spiral perm wrap
b)
Curvature permanent wrap
c)
Weave technique
d)
Basic permanent wrap
56.
The _____ uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
a)
double flat wrap
b)
spiral wrap
c)
single flat wrap
d)
bookend wrap
57.
Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called _____.
a)
reduction
b)
normalization
c)
rearranging
d)
alkaline
58.
The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is _____.
a)
lyceryl monothioglycolate
b)
hydrogen thioglycolate
c)
ammonium thioglycolate
d)
alkaline acids
59.
In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from the _____ in overlapping concentric layers.
a)
scalp to the ends
b)
shortest to the longest
c)
longest to the shortest
d)
ends to the scalp
60.
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called _____.
a)
no-lye relaxers
b)
medium relaxers
c)
metal relaxers
d)
lye relaxers
61.
Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of _____.
a)
tightness
b)
disorders
c)
porosity
d)
abrasions
62.
The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called _____.
a)
normalization
b)
rinsing
c)
sectioning
d)
thio neutralization
63.
Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is _____.
a)
softened
b)
styled
c)
stretched
d)
dried
64.
The range of numbers used in the pH scale is _____.
a)
0 to 5
b)
0 to 7
c)
0 to 14
d)
0 to 10
65.
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer, are _____ waves.
a)
exothermic
b)
endothermic
c)
stabilized
d)
acid
66.
Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix–no lye relaxers?
a)
Ammonium thio relaxers
b)
Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
c)
Potassium hydroxide relaxers
d)
Sodium hydroxide relaxers
67.
What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
a)
Amount used
b)
Length of the hair
c)
Ammonium thioglycolate
d)
Degree of alkalinity
68.
The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of _____.
a)
ammonia
b)
hydroxide
c)
coatings
d)
lanthionization
69.
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as _____.
a)
base direction
b)
rod direction
c)
diagonal technique
d)
wrapping point
70.
In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is _____.
a)
strongly acidic
b)
highly alkaline
c)
mildly acidic
d)
slightly alkaline
71.
Keratin straightening treatments work by _____ in a semi-permanent manner.
a)
flat ironing
b)
fixing the keratin in place
c)
neutralizing hydrogen bonds
d)
breaking side bonds
72.
_____ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing.
a)
Permanent waving
b)
Japanese thermal straighteners
c)
Heat styling
d)
Chinese thermal straighteners
73.
A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a _____.
a)
soft curl permanent
b)
relaxer retouch
c)
permanent wave
d)
full curl permanent
74.
Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair’s natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer?
a)
Normalizing lotion
b)
Swelling cream
c)
Lanthionization solution
d)
Natural lotion
75.
Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional _____.
a)
stress and tension on hair
b)
increased volume
c)
sectioning of hair
d)
curl patterns
76.
The _____ of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of the reducing agent, or thio.
a)
durability
b)
shelf-life
c)
strength
d)
concentration
77.
What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
a)
Conventional rods
b)
Spiral rods
c)
Straight rods
d)
Convex rods
78.
Base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair, in which wrapping pattern?
a)
Weave technique
b)
Basic permanent wrap
c)
Bricklay permanent wrap
d)
Straight wrap set
79.
In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called _____.
a)
outer sections
b)
base sections
c)
placements
d)
rod sections
80.
What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?
a)
Hydrogen peroxide
b)
Thioglycolic acids
c)
Hydrogen acids
d)
Ammonia water
81.
What is the most common neutralizer?
a)
Chlorine
b)
Hydrogen peroxide
c)
Oxygen
d)
Sodium chloride
82.
_____ is a two-step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.
a)
Cascade curling
b)
Temporary waving
c)
Permanent waving
d)
Chemical texture service
83.
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between _____.
a)
6.0 and 7.0
b)
10.0 and 11.0
c)
9.0 and 9.6
d)
4.5 and 5.5
84.
Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between _____.
a)
10.1 and 10.5
b)
7.8 and 8.2
c)
9.0 and 10.0
d)
5.5 and 6.5
85.
The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are _____.
a)
disulfide, salt, and hydrogen
b)
disulfide, chlorine, and hydrogen
c)
disulfide, salt, and oxygen
d)
disulfide, trisulfide, and hydrogen
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