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WorksheetsCardiovascular Exam Review
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 50mins
When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys help raise it by secreting which of the following?
Renin
Epinephrine
Aldosterone
Erythropoietin
What instruction should the nurse give to the client taking propranolol (Inderal) for hypertension?
Have potassium level checked.
Report any changes in appetite
Do not stop taking medication abruptly.
Resume usual daily activities
The nurse understands that which of the following best describes the action of propranolol (Inderal)?
It increases heart rate.
It decreases cardiac output
It decreases fluid volume
It increases cardiac contractility
A nurse is caring for a client who has been administered heparin after the administration of a thrombolytic drug to prevent another thrombus forming. What should the nurse monitor for in the client after the administration of heparin?
Internal bleeding
Difficulty in breathing
Excessive perspiration
Skin rash
Which of the following is a desired outcome for the nursing diagnosis of Acute Pain for a client with acute thrombophlebitis
States anxiety is decreased
States pain is satisfactorily relieved
Is able to participate in desired activities.
Reports ability to ambulate without pain.
A client has been diagnosed with Raynaud's disease and asks the nurse what occurs with this disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse
"Arterial vessel occlusion is caused by many clots that develop in the heart and are carried to the bloodstream."
"Arteriolar vasoconstriction occurs, most often on the fingertips with symptoms of coldness, pain, and pale skin."
"Peripheral vasospasm occurs in the lower limbs as a result of valve damage from long-standing venous stasis."
"Thrombosis related to prolonged vasoconstriction caused by overexposure to the cold occurs."
The nurse understands that which of the following are the most characteristic symptoms of Buerger's disease? Select all that apply.
Numbness and Intermittent claudication
Pain
Cramping
Swelling
Bounding pulses
Which of the following medications is used to treat intermittent claudication?
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Pentoxifylline (Trental)
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
The nurse understands that which of the following best describes the action of enalapril maleate (Vasotec)?
It decreases levels of angiotensin II.
It adjusts the extracellular volume.
It dilates the arterioles and veins.
It decreases cardiac output.
The nurse understands that which is a side effect most likely to be reported by clients receiving enalapril maleate (Vasotec)?
Acne
Diarrhea
Cough
Heartburn
Which of the following prevents the backflow of blood in veins?
Precapillary sphincters
Middle layer
Smooth muscle layer
Valves
The nurse obtains a lower blood pressure on a client's left arm than the right arm. As a result, which of the following extremities should the nurse use for ongoing blood pressure measurement?
Left arm
Right arm
Right leg
Left leg
The nurse is checking a client's blood pressure for orthostatic hypotension. The client's BP lying down was 142/88 mm Hg and 136/80 mm Hg when standing. The client asks the nurse why there is such a difference. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
"Your blood pressure should go up about 15 mm Hg, so we'll need to have you move very slowly to avoid a fall."
"Blood pressure usually compensates for a change in position by going down by about 15 mm Hg, so this is normal."
"It is safe for the blood pressure to drop by as much as 25 mm Hg, so you don't need to worry."
"Your blood pressure is still in a normal range so there is no real concern."
As the nurse examines a client for decreased circulation in the lower extremities, which of the following findings would indicate adequate circulation?
Loss of hair on extremity
Capillary refill less than 3 seconds
Diminished pulses in the extremity
Thickened nail in the extremity
The nurse understand that a client with blood pressure readings of 164/102 mm Hg and 176/100 mm Hg on two separate occasions would be classified in which hypertension category?
Prehypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2
Normal
The client asks the nurse, "How is hypertension defined?" Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
"It is measured as the heart pumps blood into the arteries."
"It is blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg on two separate occasions."
"It is regulated by stress, activity, and emotions."
"It is determined by peripheral vascular resistance."
Which of the following statements, if made by a client with hypertension, indicates to the nurse a need for more teaching?
High blood pressure may affect the kidneys and eyes."
"Most people with hypertension watch their diet."
"Medication will no longer be needed when I feel better."
"Many people do not know when their blood pressure is high."
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is the focus of care for a client with hypertension?
Activity Intolerance
Ineffective Airway Clearance
Impaired Physical Mobility
Deficient Knowledge
A client is prescribed bumetanide (Bumex) every morning for control of hypertension. Which of the following statements indicates correct knowledge of treatment regimen?
"I can travel to the beach and sunbathe all day."
"Now I can eat whatever I want, when I want."
"I'll take my medication in the morning, every morning."
"I won't need medication once my pressure goes down."
A client calls the hypertension clinic to report frequent headaches with a newly prescribed medication. The nurse anticipates that this is a normal side effect if the client is taking which of the following medications
Furosemide (Lasix)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Clonidine (Catapres)
Adalat (Procardia)
The nurse is caring for a client who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of how to manage the pain of peripheral arterial disease?
"I will like down frequently."
"I will use a reclining chair."
"I will sit with my legs down."
"I will do knee flexion exercises."
Which of the following is a desired outcome for the nursing diagnosis of Acute Pain for a client with acute thrombophlebitis?
States anxiety is decreased
States pain is satisfactorily relieved.
Is able to participate in desired activities.
Reports ability to ambulate without pain.
A client is undergoing warfarin drug therapy. After taking the drug, the client develops signs of GI bleeding. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform for this client?
Inspect urine for red-orange color
Monitor vital signs every 4 hours
Inspect for bright red to black stools
Monitor client's fluid intake and output
Use of which of the following herbal remedies can increase the risk of bleeding, during warfarin therapy? Select all that apply
St. John's Wort
Garlic
Tea Tree Oil
Ginseng
Gingko Biloba
Which of the following data would be most important for the nurse to collect now for a client who is reporting fatigue and dizziness? Select all that apply.
Presence of pain
Weight
Vital signs
ECG tracing
WBC count
Which of the following does the nurse understand occurs in aortic stenosis?
Emptying blood from the left ventricle is impaired.
Aortic valve does not close tightly.
Blood backflows in the left atrium.
Emptying of the left atrium is impaired.
Which of the following does the nurse understand causes fatigue in clients with chronic aortic stenosis?
Atrial fibrillation
Increased coronary artery blood flow
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
Left ventricular failure
The client is caring for a client on warfarin (Coumadin) with an elevated international normalized ration (INR) level. Which of the following would be ordered as the antidote for warfarin?
Calcium chloride
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
protamine sulfate
The nurse is reviewing the daily international normalized ratio (INR) and prothrombin time (PT) levels for a client who had a mechanical valve replacement. The INR is 3.7 and the PT level is 29. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Give warfarin (Coumadin) dose stat.
Give the next dose of warfarin (Coumadin) as ordered.
Inform the physician now
Discontinue the warfarin (Coumadin)
Which of the following findings should be reported to the physician for a client receiving warfarin therapy?
Bleeding time 3 (normal = 2 to 5 seconds)
Prothrombin time (PT) 20 (normal = 9 to 12 seconds)
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 28 (normal = 30 to 45 seconds)
International normalized ratio (INR) 4 (normal = 2 to 3 seconds)
The nurse understands which of the following occurs in mitral regurgitation?
Impaired emptying of the left ventricle
Backflow of blood into the left atrium
Impaired emptying of the right ventricle
Backflow of blood into the right atrium
The nurse is planning care for a client with chronic mitral regurgitation. Which of the following assessments would be the highest priority?
Peripheral edema
Lung sounds
Cardiac rhythm
Heart tones
Which of the following is the most common symptom of pericarditis?
Intermittent claudication
Calf pain
Dyspnea
Chest pain
A client is being given digoxin (Lanoxin) to treat heart failure. Which of the following is a usual adult daily dosage of digoxin (Lanoxin)?
0.025 mg
0.25 mg
0.005 mg
2.5 mg
If a client has elevated pulmonary vascular pressures, the nurse understands that the client is likely to develop which of the following physiological cardiac changes?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left atrial atrophy
Right atrial atrophy
A client asks the nurse what a diagnosis of heart failure means. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
Your heart is pumping to much blood."
"Your heart is not an efficient pump."
"Your heart briefly stops."
"Your heart has an area of muscle that is dead"
A client, hospitalized with an MI, suddenly begins to have severe respiratory distress with frothy sputum. The signs indicate that the client probably has developed which of the following?
Cardiac tamponade
Pneumothorax
Pneumoni
Pulmonary edema
The nurse understands that pain associated with coronary artery disease occurs from which of the following?
Overexertion of the heart muscle due to the workload
Interrupted electrical activity to the areas of the heart
Lack of nutrients to the heart
Lack of sufficient oxygen to the myocardium
Which of the following does the nurse correctly include in a teaching plan as modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease? Select all that apply.
Diabetes
Hypertension
Gender
Race
Smoking
Temporary pacemakers are used for symptomatic bradycardia.
True
False
You are caring for a client with a new pacemaker. Nursing care for this client would include which of the following?
Performing range of motion every 4 hours to the arm on the pacemaker side for the first 2 days
Bedrest for 24 hours
Scheduling of an MRI to verify pacemaker placement
Monitoring the heart rate and rhythm by apical pulse and ECG patterns
You are preparing to administer digoxin. Which of the assessments will need to be completed prior to administration?
Assess apical pulse
Monitor for sleep disturbances
Monitor blood pressure
Monitor for visual disturbances
The nurse understands that rhythms arising from the primary pacing node of the heart are referred to as which of the following?
Sinus rhythms
Ectopic rhythms
Escape beats
Bundle branch blocks
Which of the following is the inherent rate for the atrioventricular node?
40 to 60 bpm
More than 100 bpm
60 to 100 bpm
20 to 40 bpm
Which of the following waveforms represents the resting state of the ventricle on a ECG
T wave
QRS complex
U wave
P wave
Of the following, which is the most serious type of dysrhythmia?
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation
Sinus bradycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
You are caring for an older woman with cardiac disease. Based on your knowledge, you realize that the older cardiac client is different from the younger cardiac client because:
Even with lower doses of medications, the older adult should be observed for signs and symptoms of toxicity.
The cardiac output tends to be increased in the older adult.
The younger adult tends to have a more extensive network of collateral circulation than the older adult.
Dyspnea is a typical symptom of a myocardial infarction in the younger adult, whereas angina is the more common symptom in the older adult
A client who has been scheduled for a stress ECG asks why this ECG is needed. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"It verifies how much more physically fit the client needs to become."
" It determine the client's potential heart rate."
"It shows how the heart performs during exercise."
"it can predict whether the client may soon have a heart attack."
Before a cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriogram, it is essential that the nurse ask the client if they are allergic to which of the following?
Eggs
Penicillin
Codeine
Iodine
Which of the following diagnostic tests does the nurse understand measures the pressures in the cardiac chambers?
Cardiac catheterization
Echocardiogram
ECG
Exercise stress test
____ is the accumulation of fluid in the legs of a person Hepatic congestion
Peripheral edema
Hypovolemia
Tachycardia
Ascites
Swelling of the abdomen as a result of fluid accumulation is known as:
Hepatic congestion
Peripheral edema
Hypovolemia
Tachycardia
Ascites
Which of the following treatments is NOT a treatment for Heart failure?
Antidiuretics
Inotropes
Diertics
Beta Blockers
ACE Inhibitors
How does tachycardia affect blood flow from the heart?
It gives a faster rate which causes less blood to be pumped out per circulation
It gives a slower rate which causes more blood to be pumped out per circulation
It gives a faster rate which causes more blood to be pumped out per circulation
It gives a slower rate which causes less blood to be pumped out per circulation
How does valvular stenosis affect valves?
The valves become expand and soften
The valves become narrow and soft
The valves become narrow and hard
The valves expand and harden
What is a heart attack?
A minor heart defect
A blockage in the arteries going to the heart
A blockage in the lungs
None of these answers
Symptoms of a heart attack can include:
Chest pain, sharp or dull
Nausea and heartburn
Fatigue
All of these answers
The substance that builds up in the arteries is called:
Plasma
Red blood cells
Plaque
Gingivitis
The most common cause of a heart attack is:
Coronary artery disease
Stroke
Diabetes
None of these
The mitral valve separates the
Right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Left atrium from the left ventricle
Left ventricle from the aorta
Right atrium from the right ventricle
Treatment for a heart attack includes:
Aspirin and nitroglycerin
Bypass surgery
Calling 911
All of the answers
Which valve allows for blood to flow from the heart and into the body general circulation?
Pulmonary valve
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Which valve facilitates blood flow into the lungs
Mitral valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
A patient has severe shortness of breath while they sleep. What is their likely diagnosis?
Pulmonary hypertension
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
What is the primary cause of myocarditis?
Coronary heart disease
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Bacterial or viral infection
What are the 2 common treatment options for myocarditis
Medication and rest
Medication and surgery
Complete rest and then physical therapy
Physical therapy and medications
Myocarditis is a condition involving inflammation of what?
Outer layer of cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle tissue
Middle layer of cardiac muscle
Cardiac arterial tissue
What is a VAD?
Venous automated defibrillator
Ventricular assist defibrillator
Ventricular assist device
Vestibular automated device
Patients with heart failure can have fluid accumulate in the lungs. What is this called?
pneumonia
asthma
ascites
pulmonary edema
What are the 2 main basic symptoms of myocarditis
Tightness in the chest and pain
Elevated blood pressure and shortness of breath
Pain and shortness of breath
Increased respiration rate and profuse sweating
What are signs of atropine overdose?
Fatigue
Hot, dry skin and thirst
Dizziness and dilated pupils
Delirium and coma
Which is a normal side effect of atropine?
Delirium
Hallucinations
Dry mouth
Palpitations
Which of the heart’s chambers is the thickest and most muscular
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Which of the following separates the right side of the heart from the left?
Chamber
Valve
Pericardium
Septum
Select the correct impulse pattern of the cardiac conduction system
Purkinje fibers→SA node→Right and left bundle branches→AV node
Pacemaker→Bundle of His→SA node→Bundle branches
SA node→AV node→Bundle of His→Right and left bundle branches→Purkinje fibers
Pacemaker→SA node→Bundle of His→AV node→Purkinje fibers
Each normal heartbeat is initiated by which of the following?
Bundle of His in the interventricular septum
Sympathetic nerves from the spinal cord
Sinoatrial node in the wall of the right atrium
Cardiac center in the medulla
During one cardiac cycle, which of the following occurs?
Atria and ventricles contract simultaneously
Ventricles contract twice for every contraction of the atria
Atria contract first , followed by the ventricles
Ventricles contract first, followed by the atria
The heart receives blood returning from the body through which of the following?
Vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Right coronary artery
Aorta
A client reports being diagnosed with a murmur. Which of the following phenomena can be used to explain what might be the cause of this occurrence?
Ineffective closure of the valves
Inappropriate closure of the ventricular lock
The entrance of the blood into partially contracted chambers
Inadequate levels of blood as it leaves the atria
The diagnostic test that allows observation of real time movement via radiography is:
Echocardiography
Angiography
Fluoroscopy
Cardiac monitoring
During a stress ECG, a client reports chest pain and the test is stopped. When the client is asked to undergo a heart catheterization, the client appears very apprehensive and worried. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take to reduce the client's anxiety?
Explain how well others have done after having this procedure.
Explain how coronary artery disease is treated.
Avoid discussing the heart catheterization until the client is relaxed.
Listen to the client express feelings about the situation
Which of the following risk factors is considered non modifiable?
Sedentary lifestyle
Age
Dietary intake
Hyperlipidemia
In evaluating your patient's risk factors for cardiovascular disease, you identify that the following is a modifiable risk factor that he possesses:
Age
Hyperlipidemia
Family history of cardiovascular disease
Active lifestyle
Wave that precedes a QRS complex
T wave
U wave
P wave
J wave
Which of the following does digoxin affect in the body?
sodium-calcium pump
potassium-chloride pump
sodium-potassium pump
calcium-potassium pump
