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WorksheetsAPES Populations 2
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 55mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Population distribution is
a)
often clumped in response to predation
b)
used by wildlife managers when regulating hunting and fishing
c)
measured relative to other species
d)
uniform in most tree species
2.
The intrinsic growth rate of a population
a)
occurs at the population's carrying capacity
b)
depends on the limiting resources of the population
c)
increases as the population size increases
d)
decreases as the population size increases
3.
An r-selected species characteristically has
a)
a type I survivorship curve
b)
few offspring
c)
a population near carrying capacity
d)
a fast population growth rate
4.
When individuals are found to be distributed evenly throughout an ecosystem it is often because
a)
they are interbreeding.
b)
resources are not limiting.
c)
they mate for life.
d)
they are territorial.
5.
If a population of 100 birds increases to 120 birds the following year, r=__.
a)
0.16
b)
0.20
c)
1.2
d)
2
6.
An ecosystem's carrying capacity for a population is determined by all of the following factors EXCEPT
a)
energy.
b)
water.
c)
food.
d)
climatic events, such as tornadoes.
7.
An exotic species is one which ___ an ecosystem.
a)
is rare in
b)
is foreign to
c)
does not interact with other species in
d)
is the most dominant species in
8.
Rapid growth may be temporarily be observed in a population in response to all of these EXCEPT
a)
elimination of a pollutant.
b)
elimination of predators.
c)
increase in food supply.
d)
introduction of a new parasite.
9.
A laboratory experiment followed the growth of a flour beetle population over time. At first the population increased dramatically but later growth slowed and the population size leveled off. While food was abundant, it was noticed that flour beetles resorted to eating their own eggs when densities got high. What can we conclude about cannibalism in this species?
a)
It has no effect on the growth of the population, as food scarcity is clearly the limiting factor here.
b)
It is clearly maladaptive as populations always do best when their densities rise as high as possible.
c)
It serves as a density-dependent means of population control.
d)
It serves as a density-independent means of population control.
10.
Most parasites have evolved to ___ their host.
a)
kill
b)
only weaken
c)
have no effect on
d)
strengthen
11.
A study conducted in the laboratory used wasps as predators and bean weevils as prey. The wasps lay their eggs on weevil larvae, which provide food for the newly hatched wasps. What would be the most likely hypothesis for the outcome of this experiment?
a)
The prey population increased and decreased slightly later than the predator population.
b)
The predator population increased and decreased slightly later than the prey population.
c)
The two populations fluctuated synchronously.
d)
The two populations fluctuated asynchronously.
12.
Which of the following is a density-independent event that could limit the size of a population?
a)
a mild winter, which reduces death rates
b)
the accidental spill of a pesticide that causes the population to decrease
c)
an increase in a predator population
d)
the reduction of a competitor species
13.
Which of the following is NOT a type of interspecific interaction?
a)
Symbiosis
b)
Predation
c)
Competition
d)
Speciation
14.
Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will
a)
compete intensely.
b)
speciate.
c)
interbreed.
d)
be a predator-prey pair.
15.
If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be
a)
involved in succession.
b)
partitioning resources.
c)
coevolving.
d)
increasing niche overlap.
16.
Which of these outcomes is likely in a natural situation when two closely related species compete for resources in the same habitat?
a)
Population size and distribution of each species may be reduced.
b)
Interbreeding between the two species will occur.
c)
One of the species will always become extinct.
d)
Both species will be extinct.
17.
The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called
a)
coevolution.
b)
mutualism.
c)
primary succession.
d)
competitive exclusion.
18.
Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and aerate soil as they burrow. They ingest organic matter and travel between soil horizons. These traits, taken collectively, refer to the ___ of the earthworm.
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
community profile
d)
ecosystem profile
19.
Two species of buttercup can be found in the same field in South Dakota. They emerge at different times: one species emerges and flowers in early spring, and the other species emerges in late summer, after the first species has set seed. Both flower species are pollinated by the same insect species, which is common in spring and summer. The different flowering times are likely due to
a)
competitive exclusion.
b)
niche fragmentation.
c)
niche realignment.
d)
resource partitioning.
20.
Over the past century, sagebrush has dramatically expanded its range over the Colorado Plateau's grasslands. This has been attributed to the overgrazing of the area's grasses by cattle and sheep. This example indicates that
a)
grazing has no effect on the distribution of plants.
b)
sagebrush could not exist anywhere in the absence of cattle and sheep.
c)
sagebrush is the dominant competitor over grasses.
d)
the range of sagebrush is normally limited by competition with grasses.
21.
Which behavioral response to the threat of predation is most likely to be selected for in a species that uses camouflage for protection?
a)
a sudden display to startle the predator.
b)
a cooperative behavior.
c)
a behavior that mimics the behavior of the predator.
d)
a motionless behavior.
22.
Several species of harmless kingsnakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes which serve as models. If avoidance were based solely on prior predator experience with the model, what do you predict would happen in areas where coral snakes were never present?
a)
Predators would initially attack and eat kingsnakes but soon learn to avoid them.
b)
Predators would attack and eat kingsnakes.
c)
Predators would avoid kingsnakes.
d)
Kingsnakes would evolve venom similar to the coral snakes.
23.
Many plants have their roots infected with a specialized fungus. The plant supplies carbon to the fungus, and the fungus supplies nutrients to the plant. This is an example of a _____ association.
a)
mutualistic
b)
commensalistic
c)
parasitic
d)
successional
24.
A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is
a)
a predator.
b)
a dominator species.
c)
the most abundant species in the community.
d)
a keystone species.
25.
Which of the following is not an example of a density-independent factor?
a)
Drought
b)
Competition
c)
Forest Fire
d)
Hurricane
26.
As the size of a white-tailed deer population increases,
a)
the carrying capacity of the environment for white-tailed deer wil be reduced.
b)
a volcanic eruption will have a greater proportional effect than it would on a smaller population.
c)
the number of gray wolves, a natural predator of white-tailed deer, will increase.
d)
the effect of limiting resources will increase.
27.
The following graph of the population growth of Canada geese in Ohio between 1955 and 2002 can best be described as
a)
an exponential growth curves.
b)
a logistic growth curve.
c)
a stochastic growth curve.
d)
oscillation between overshoot and die-off.
28.
Which of the following is not a statement of the logistic growth model?
a)
A population will initially increase exponentially and then level off as it approaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
b)
Future population growth cannot be predicted mathematically.
c)
Population growth slows as the number of individuals approaches the carrying capacity.
d)
A graph of population growth produces an S-shaped growth curve over time.
29.
Which of the following characteristics are typical of r-selected species?
I. They produce many offspring in a short period of time.
II. They have very low survivorship early in life.
III. They take a long time to reach reproductive maturity.
I. They produce many offspring in a short period of time.
II. They have very low survivorship early in life.
III. They take a long time to reach reproductive maturity.
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I and II
30.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the survivorship curves presented?
a)
Type II could be the average of r-selected and K-selected species in a specific area.
b)
Type III could represent elephants, which are typical K-selected species.
c)
Type I could represent an oak tree species that experiences very low survivorship early and late in life.
d)
Type II could represent a coral species that has a consstsant decline in survivorship throughout its life.
31.
In the Antarctic food web, the arrows point from a food source to a consumer. Which of the following statements is not a conclusion that can be drawn from this food web?
a)
Carnivorous zooplankton and herbivorous zooplankton interact mutualistically.
b)
Leopard seals are predators and penguins are their prey.
c)
Krill are omnivores.
d)
Smaller toothed whales prey on baleen whales, several species of seals, and penguins
32.
Which of the following statements about ecological succession is correct?
a)
Secondary succession is followed by primary succession.
b)
Succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil., moisture, and nutrients.
c)
In forest succession, less shade-tolerant trees replace more shade-tolerant trees.
d)
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists.
33.
The Theory of Island Biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. Island Distance from Mainland.
II. How the Island is Formed.
III. Island Size
I. Island Distance from Mainland.
II. How the Island is Formed.
III. Island Size
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I and III only
34.
Which of the following sequences of secondary succession would be likely to occur in abandoned farmland in the eastern United States?
a)
Bare soil, lichens, mosses, grasses, deciduous trees.
b)
Bare rock, lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, mixed shade- and sunlight-tolerant trees.
c)
Bare soil, grasses and wildflowers, shrubs, sunlight-tolerant trees, shade-tolerant trees.
d)
Bare rock, grasses and wildflowers, lichens, mosses, shrubs, coniferous trees.
35.
If the growth rate r of a population is positive and remains constant, the number of people added to the population
a)
fluctuates randomly.
b)
decreases each year.
c)
reaches carrying capacity.
d)
increases each year.
36.
The most critical factor in controlling human population growth is
a)
controlling reproductive lifespan.
b)
decreasing the age of first birth.
c)
decreasing the average number of births per woman.
d)
decreasing infant death.
37.
The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate of
a)
the number of children that will survive to adulthood.
b)
the number of years a typical infant will live.
c)
the number of children each woman in a population will have.
d)
the number of births per 1,000 people per year.
38.
Populations whose age structure diagrams are narrower at the bottom than the top have
a)
high death rates.
b)
the same proportion of individuals in each age group.
c)
a declining population.
d)
a high growth rate.
39.
Population growth rates are high in developing countries because
a)
infant mortality rates are low.
b)
women tend to have children later in life.
c)
family planning is common
d)
children are often an important economic advantage.
40.
Using the Rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double in
a)
7 years.
b)
10 years.
c)
15 years.
d)
17 years.
41.
Ivory Coast and China are two developing nations. China has a much larger per capita ecological footprint than Ivory Coast. This is most likely due to
I. China's larger population.
II. China's growing dependence on fossil fuels to drive their economy.
III. Ivory Coast's dependence on small scale and subsistence agriculture.
IV. Ivory Coast's much smaller GDP.
I. China's larger population.
II. China's growing dependence on fossil fuels to drive their economy.
III. Ivory Coast's dependence on small scale and subsistence agriculture.
IV. Ivory Coast's much smaller GDP.
a)
I and II only
b)
I, II, and III
c)
II and III only
d)
I, III, and IV
42.
GDP includes
I. Consumer Spending
II. Investments
III. Government Spending
IV. Exports (-) Imports
I. Consumer Spending
II. Investments
III. Government Spending
IV. Exports (-) Imports
a)
I, II and III
b)
II and III only
c)
I, III and IV
d)
I, II, III and IV
43.
Malthus noted that human populations grow ___ while food supply grows ___.
a)
linearly; exponentially
b)
linearly; sigmoidally
c)
exponentially; linearly
d)
exponentially; logarithmically
44.
A particular country has a Total Fertility Rate equal to Replacement Level Fertility and Emigration equal to Immigration. Which of the following must be true?
a)
The population will begin shrinking within ten years, based on the Rule of 70.
b)
The population must be stable.
c)
The population will begin growing as soon as TFR = 2.1
d)
Infant mortality must also be less than Crude Death Rate.
45.
The Infant Mortality Rate and Child Mortality Rate are defined as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births for children under ___ and ___ of age, respectively.
a)
1 year; 5 years
b)
2 years; 5 years
c)
5 years; 10 years
d)
5 years; 12 years
46.
A country has a TFR of 1.6 (which is below replacement rate), yet its population continues to grow. What is one likely explanation for this deviation from the norm?
a)
The country has such a high population momentum that it cannot stabilize or shrink.
b)
The life expectancy is so high that it cannot stabilize or shrink.
c)
The net immigration is high enough to overcome low TFR.
d)
Child and infant mortality is so low that overcomes low TFR.
47.
Population size can be estimated using the formula
a)
(CBR + Immigration) + (CDR + Emigration)
b)
(CBR + Immigration) - (CDR + Emigration)
c)
(CBR - Immigration) + (CDR - Emigration)
d)
(CBR - Immigration) - (CDR - Emigration)
48.
Most demographers estimate that the human population will stabilize between ___ and ___ billion people.
a)
7.1; 8.3
b)
6.8; 10.5
c)
7.1; 12.7
d)
6.8; 8.3
49.
When looking at an age structure diagram, you notice that the lowest ages represent the lowest percentage of the population. You are most likely looking at
a)
a population that is about to grow very rapidly.
b)
a stable population.
c)
a population that will begin to shrink when that age group reaches sexual maturity.
d)
a population in which the replacement fertility rate has been exceeded.
50.
According to the Theory of Demographic Transition, rapid growth occurs during phase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
51.
According to the Theory of Demographic Transition, the highest birth rates and death rates are likely to occur during phase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
52.
According to the Theory of Demographic Transition, birth rates decline during phase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
53.
According to the Theory of Demographic Transition, birth rates may drop below death rates during phase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
54.
Use Figure 7-1. Which population is larger?
a)
Population A
b)
Population B
c)
Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population B will soon be larger.
d)
Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population A will soon be larger.
55.
Use Figure 7-1. Population A is most likely
a)
rapidly growing.
b)
growing, but very slowly.
c)
stable.
d)
going to decline in a few decades.
56.
Use Figure 7-1. Population B is most likely
a)
rapidly growing.
b)
growing, but very slowly.
c)
stable.
d)
going to decline in a few decades.
57.
A metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2,000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants and 100 immigrants over a 1-year period. Its population growth rate is
a)
1.2%
b)
1.4%
c)
1.6%
d)
1.8%
58.
Which of the following pairs of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country?
a)
Crude Death Rate and Crude Birth Rate
b)
Growth Rate and Life Expectancy
c)
Infant Mortality Rate and Crude Death Rate
d)
Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy
59.
Which of the following characteristics are typical of developed countries?
I. High Technology Use
II. Low GDP
III. Small-Scale Sustainable Agriculture
I. High Technology Use
II. Low GDP
III. Small-Scale Sustainable Agriculture
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
I and III only
d)
II and III only
60.
A country with an age structure diagram like this one is most likely experiencing
a)
a high life expectancy.
b)
slow population growth.
c)
a short doubling time.
d)
a low infant mortality rate.
61.
Even if a country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement-level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of
a)
lower death rates.
b)
increased income.
c)
population momentum.
d)
better health care.
62.
At current growth rates, which country will probably be the most populous in the world after 2050?
a)
China
b)
Brazil
c)
India
d)
Indonesia
63.
What percentage of the world population lives in developing countries?
a)
34
b)
50
c)
66
d)
82
64.
Which of the following countries best exemplifies phase 4 of the demographic transition?
a)
Argentina
b)
China
c)
India
d)
Japan
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