Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsQuarter 2 Cumulative Exam Review
Total questions: 121
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Photosynthetic zone in a lake ecosystem away from the shore dominated by phytoplankton
a)
Bathyl
b)
Euphotic
c)
Littoral
d)
Limnetic
2.
Marine zone that is low in dissolved oxygen but supports life due to high nutrient levels
a)
Bathyl
b)
Euphotic
c)
Littoral
d)
Abyssal
Abyssal
Abyssal
3.
Shallow water lake zone that supports an abundance of emergent and submergent vegetation
a)
Euphotic
b)
Littoral
c)
Limnetic
d)
Abyssal
4.
This is a process whose end products can vary from methane gas to ethyl alcohol.
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Fermentation
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Aerobic respiration
5.
The rate of this process depends on atmosphere conditions such as wind, temperature, and relative humidity
a)
Fermentation
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Aerobic respiration
d)
Transpiration
6.
This process converts compounds like carbon dioxide or methane into carbohydrates using an energy source such as hydrogen sulfide.
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Fermentation
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Aerobic respiration
7.
A country in stage III (Industrial) of demographic transition would be characterized
a)
High birth rates and low death rates
b)
Rapidly growing population
c)
Low birth rates and low death rates
d)
Low birth rates and high death rates
8.
The rough-skinned newt is one of the most toxic organisms in North America. The only predator that has adapted resistance to the newt is the predator-prey interaction between the two species toxicity as well as the snakes’ resistance. This is an example of
a)
Resource partitioning
b)
Speciation
c)
Coevolution
d)
Divergent evolution
9.
What is the primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources?
a)
how easily they are discovered
b)
the amount of the resource
c)
the length of time it takes for them to be replenished
d)
how fast they are being used up
10.
The highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply is
a)
conservation
b)
sustainable yield
c)
preservation
d)
perpetual resource
11.
What type of commercial fishing practice causes devastating damage to coral reefs and sea mounts due to the use of weighted nets that drag along the ocean bottom?
a)
Long-line fishing
b)
Aquaculture farming
c)
Drift-net fishing
d)
Trawling fishing
12.
Excessive inputs of nitrogen have been known to cause explosive growth of toxic microscopic algae that can poison fish and marine mammals. This outbreak is known as
a)
Oxygen demanding waste
b)
Sedimentation
c)
A red tide
d)
a dead zone
13.
If limiting nutrients, such as phosphates or nitrates, are added to a lake ecosystem, it is LEAST likely to result in
a)
Depletion of oxygen in the water
b)
Stimulated algae growth
c)
Fish kills
d)
Decrease in gross primary productivity by algae
14.
When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is due to
a)
Changes in the local climate
b)
Oxidation of carbon compounds
c)
Cellular respiration of rain forest plants
d)
Carbon dioxide being released by anaerobic organisms
15.
All non-renewable resources can theoretically be
a)
converted to nonmetallic minerals
b)
converted to renewable ones
c)
exhausted or depleted
d)
recycled or reused
16.
Characteristic(s) of an organism that increase its risk of becoming endangered include which of the following?
I. Narrow distribution
II. Fixed migratory patterns III. Feed on low trophic levels
I. Narrow distribution
II. Fixed migratory patterns III. Feed on low trophic levels
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I, II ,and III
17.
Ecologists have determined that a field of various grasses has approximately 20,000 kcal available for the ecosystem. What would be the estimated amount of kcal available to secondary consumers in the food chain of the ecosystem?
a)
2.0 x 10^2 kcal
b)
2.0 x 10^3 kcal
c)
2.0 x 10^4 kcal
d)
2.0 x 10^5 kcal
18.
Which of the following data regarding a renewable resource is the most important in determining if the resource is being used sustainably?
a)
The rate at which the resource is naturally replenished
b)
The difference between the rate of replenishment and the rate of consumption of the resource
c)
The demand for the resource by human populations
d)
The total amount of the resource that is available
19.
Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?
a)
The first law of thermodynamics
b)
The second law of thermodynamics
c)
The law of conservation of matter
d)
The process of ecological succession
20.
In the Tragedy of the Commons, a “common” could include:
a)
an ocean fishery
b)
a golf course
c)
residential homes
d)
private property
21.
Species can, over a long period of time, develop adaptations that allow them to reduce or avoid competition by sharing resources. This is called
a)
competitive exclusion principle
b)
resource partitioning
c)
population distribution
d)
interspecific competition
22.
The project started by Wangari Maathai in Kenya to re-plant native trees to decrease soil erosion and improve the quality of lives by providing renewable fuel wood sources is known as the
a)
Kyoto Treaty
b)
Greenbelt Movement
c)
Healthy Forestry Initiative
d)
Reclamation and Recovery movement
23.
All of the following are ways humans interfere in the phosphorus cycle except
a)
erosion from fertilized crop fields, lawns, increases phosphate ions in streams
b)
increasing phosphate levels in tropical forests by clearing forests
c)
removing large quantities of phosphate from the earth for fertilizer
d)
stimulating aquatic systems to overproduce through runoff of phosphate ions
24.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with estuaries and wetland ecosystem?
a)
Are economically valuable for commercial and recreational fishing
b)
Serve as groundwater recharge systems
c)
Provide natural nursery areas for many aquatic organisms
d)
Increase impacts of flooding during rainy seasons
25.
The type of succession in which a series of communities develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment is called
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
c)
Inertia
d)
Resilience
26.
If a population of 100,000 experiences 2,000 births 1,600 deaths, 200 immigrants, and 100 emigrants in the course of one year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?
a)
0.3%
b)
0.003%
c)
0.5%
d)
0.005%
27.
Based on the theory of island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would have relatively
a)
High immigration and low extinction rates
b)
High immigration and high extinction rates
c)
Low immigration and low extinction rates
d)
Low immigration and high extinction rates
28.
Kudzu was brought to Georgia in the 1930s from japan in order to control soil erosion, and since then it has outcompeted native species for resources making it an example of
a)
A specialist species
b)
An invasive species
c)
An indicator species
d)
A keystone species
29.
Which statement best illustrates why replacement-level fertility in developing countries is 2.5 and in developed countries it is 2.1?
a)
Developing nations are still in transitional demographic growth where fertility levels are high
b)
Developed nations are in stage three of demographic growth where fertility level is stable
c)
Fertility in developing nations higher due to the lack of education and contraceptive devices
d)
Developing nations will have more children die before reaching reproductive age
30.
A large forested area is fragmented into small forest tracks separated by agricultural areas. This change will likely lead to
a)
An increase in the population of top carnivores
b)
An improvement in the dispersal mechanisms of forest species
c)
A decrease in the amount of edge habitat
d)
A decrease in the gene flow within the species of the forest
31.
Overgrazing of riparian land near stream banks by livestock can lead to
a)
Changes in local climate from increasing transpiration rates
b)
Decreases in water temperature in the streams
c)
Reduction in gross productivity by phytoplankton from decreased water clarity
d)
Increasing dissolved oxygen content
32.
Biomass can be
I. Solar energy converted to chemical energy
II. Derived from living or recently living organisms
III. Energy available for trophic levels
I. Solar energy converted to chemical energy
II. Derived from living or recently living organisms
III. Energy available for trophic levels
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I,II, and III
33.
Also known as mineralization, this process is carried out by decomposers and returns NH4 in organic matter back to the soil.
a)
Nitrification
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrogen fixation
d)
Ammonification
34.
The process that can release nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere.
a)
Nitrification
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrogen fixation
d)
Assimilation
35.
Plants converting inorganic nitrogen compounds into organic compounds, such as amino acid.
a)
Nitrification
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrogen fixation
d)
Assimilation
36.
Decomposers convert ammonia or ammonium ions in the soil into nitrate ions.
a)
Nitrification
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrogen fixation
d)
Assimilation
37.
Lightning breaks up inert atmospheric nitrogen, allowing nitrogen atoms to combine with oxygen to form nitrogen oxide, which then reaches the soil during rain.
a)
Nitrification
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrogen fixation
d)
Assimilation
38.
Coyotes are opportunistic, and generally feed on small mammals, insects, fruit and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. Their role in the food web is best described as:
a)
an herbivore that is a generalist
b)
a carnivore that is a tertiary consumer
c)
an omnivore that is a specialist
d)
an omnivore that is a generalist
39.
Which of the following is correct concerning r-selected species?
I. Short lifespans
II. Little to no parental care
III. Produce fewer, larger offspring
I. Short lifespans
II. Little to no parental care
III. Produce fewer, larger offspring
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
I and II only
d)
I, II, and III
40.
The 10 percent rule of energy transfer in a food chain is due to
a)
the first law of conservation of matter
b)
second law of thermodynamics
c)
law of gravity
d)
second law of the conservation of matter
41.
Four of the following are important ecological services provided by forests; one is not. Choose the one that is not.
a)
Reduce soil erosion.
b)
Release atmospheric carbon.
c)
Purify water and air.
d)
Influence local and regional climate.
42.
As a pond goes from an early successional stage to late successional, it acquires all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
a)
Water in the pond becomes richer in nutrients
b)
The water quality decreases in organic matter
c)
Water in the pond experiences eutrophication
d)
Sediments increase and clarity of water decreases
43.
Which of the following best illustrates a food chain found in tundra ecosystem?
a)
Lichen > lemmings > foxes > wolves
b)
Aspen > deer > black bear > lynx
c)
Trees >zebras > cheetahs > scavengers
d)
Grasses > kangaroo rats > snakes > hawks
44.
Much of the radiation emitted by the earth (infrared, or heat, energy) is captured and trapped in the
a)
Stratosphere
b)
Lithosphere
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
Troposphere
45.
Which of the following has the lowest average net primary productivity?
a)
Swamps
b)
Savanna
c)
Tropical forest
d)
Tundra
46.
According to researchers, the greatest threat to wild species is
a)
habitat destruction
b)
invasive species
c)
population and resource use growth
d)
climate change
47.
The population of a country is 6 million in 2010 and growing at a rate of 1.4% each year. If the rate of population growth remains constant, the population will reach 24 million in
a)
2060
b)
2110
c)
2160
d)
Cannot be determined
48.
Of the following, the factor that is most directly responsible for the growth of the human population in the past one hundred years is
a)
Increased number of women working outside the home
b)
Improved birth control methods
c)
Improved medical care and sanitation
d)
Increased urbanization
49.
Many legume plants have specialized fungi, called mycorrhizae, living in their roots to help uptake inorganic nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates. The fungus gains valuable nutrients from the roots of the plants. This relationship is an example of:
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
50.
Which of the following is true of oligotrophic lakes?
a)
They have high nutrient levels and low productivity
b)
They have low nutrient levels and low productivity
c)
They have high nutrient levels and high productivity
d)
They have low nutrient levels and high productivity
51.
Which of the following is true of estuaries?
a)
The temperature and salinity change little during the day
b)
The temperature remains fairly constant during the day, but the salinity varies
c)
The temperature varies during the day, but the salinity remains fairly constant
d)
The temperature and salinity vary during the day
52.
Which of the following is a density-independent population control factor?
a)
Predation
b)
Disease
c)
Habitat destruction
d)
Parasitism
53.
Primary succession occurs before secondary succession to
a)
Establish soil in the area
b)
Introduce early successional plants and animals
c)
Decompose fire-damaged vegetation
d)
Increase nutrient levels in the soil
54.
What is the first significant change that occurs in a country undergoing demographic transition?
a)
Birth rates decline as a result of improved education for women
b)
Birth rates decline and emigration occurs, resulting in a gradually declining population
c)
Death rates decline as a result of improved food production and medical care
d)
Death rates and birth rates diverge, leading to a gradual population decline
55.
A company pollutes a river, rationalizing that they will release a small quantity of pollutant that will quickly be diluted and have little effect on the water quality of the river. This best illustrates a
a)
Synergistic interaction
b)
Negative feedback
c)
Positive feedback
d)
Tragedy of the commons
56.
A species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem, is called a(n
a)
foundation species
b)
indicator species
c)
native species
d)
keystone species
57.
Found along some 70% of gently sloping sandy and silty coastlines in tropical and subtropical regions, and consisting of some 69 species of trees, are the
a)
seagrass beds
b)
barrier beaches
c)
barrier islands
d)
mangrove forests
58.
Biological evolution is based on:
I. The ability of individuals to adapt to their environment
II. Changes in the population’s genetic makeup over time
III. Changes in the traits of an individual
I. The ability of individuals to adapt to their environment
II. Changes in the population’s genetic makeup over time
III. Changes in the traits of an individual
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I, II and III
59.
Which of the following conditions must be present for natural selection to occur in a population:
I. There must be genetic variability within the population
II. The trait must be heritable
III. The trait must lead to differential reproduction
I. There must be genetic variability within the population
II. The trait must be heritable
III. The trait must lead to differential reproduction
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I, II and III
60.
Why is identifying and protecting keystone species a key goal of many conservation biologists?
a)
Keystone species are economically beneficial
b)
Keystone species are critical to human survival
c)
Keystone species play critical ecological roles in the community
d)
Keystone species are endangered species
61.
Four of the following are major human activities that disrupt and degrade freshwater systems; one is not. Choose the one that is not.
a)
Elimination of entire river systems.
b)
Dams and canals fragment habitats.
c)
Flood control levees and dikes disconnect rivers from floodplains.
d)
Cities and farms add excess nutrients and pollution.
62.
Which of the following occurs during an ENSO event?
a)
The north to south Arctic winds reverse directions
b)
Upwelling of warm nutrient-rich water in the South Pacific
c)
The east to west Pacific trade winds strength
d)
The east to west pacific trade winds reverse directions
63.
Represents the age-structure diagram of Asia and Africa
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
64.
Represents a population with strained economic and social systems due to a graying population
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
65.
Represents a population with a very stable population due to women achieving replacement-level fertility
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
66.
Representative of the U.S.’s age-structure diagram (hint: U.S. is still growing faster than most developed countries because of icnreased immigration)
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
67.
As glacial ice melts, it exposes soil that absorbs more energy than ice, which causes it to get warmer, which melts more ice exposing more soil, and so on. This is an example of
a)
A tragedy of the commons
b)
a point source of pollution
c)
a negative feedback loop
d)
a postive feedback loop
68.
The size and isolation of an island will have the greatest effect on its
a)
Elevation
b)
Average temperature
c)
Climate
d)
Species diversity
69.
In certain open sea areas winds, ocean currents, and other factors cause water to come up from the depths to the surface bringing nutrient from the ocean bottom. This process is called a(n)
a)
downdraft
b)
updraft
c)
El Niño
d)
upwelling
70.
Consider the following: a red-billed oxpecker pick ticks off a black rhinoceros. The relationships between I) the oxpecker and the ticks; II) the oxpecker and the rhinoceros; and III) the ticks and rhinoceros are best described as
a)
I) parasitism; II) competition; and III) commensalism
b)
I) predation; II) mutualism; and III) commensalism
c)
I) predation; II)mutualism ; and III) parasitism
d)
I) commensalism; II) parasitism; and III) parasitism
71.
Which of the following would lead to a species’ adapting quickly to environmental change?
a)
A role as a keystone species
b)
Short generational time periods
c)
A long life expectancy
d)
Bearing few offspring
72.
Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?
a)
Shifting of Grain Belt towards the equator
b)
Falling sea-level in the southern hemisphere
c)
Coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying areas
d)
A decrease in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
73.
Which of the following is a major cause of cultural eutrophication?
a)
Global warming
b)
Pesticide runoff
c)
Burning coal
d)
Fertilizer runoff
74.
Which of the following is most similar to overfishing? (Think about the overexploitation aspect)
a)
Mountaintop removal
b)
Malnutrition
c)
Slash and burn agriculture
d)
Overgrazing on public lands
75.
Which of the following species is extinct because of overhunting?
a)
Bald eagle
b)
Blue whale
c)
Passenger pigeon
d)
Whooping crane
76.
Where does the largest input of solar energy occur?
a)
North pole
b)
South pole
c)
30 degrees N and S
d)
equator
77.
Which of the following decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the troposphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Decomposition
c)
Respiration
d)
Photosynthesis
78.
Four of the following are true about tree plantations; one is not. Choose the one that is not true.
a)
Repeated cycles of cutting and replanting deplete soil nutrients.
b)
Soil may become so depleted it hinders any type of forest growth.
c)
They probably are more sustainable than old-growth or second-growth forests.
d)
They have less biodiversity than old-growth or second-growth forests.
79.
Which of the following best explains why rising warm moist air masses result in precipitation?
a)
As an inversion layer forms, the moisture is forced out of the air mass
b)
The relative humidity of the air mass decreases as it rises, producing rain
c)
The air mass cools and water vapor condenses as it rises
d)
The moisture condenses as the air warms up as it rises
80.
When cattle overgraze rangeland they leave the soil vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Erosion makes it difficult for grass to grow and more likely for the remaining grass to be eaten even faster. This leaves the soil bare and vulnerable to erosion making it even harder to grow grass. This is an example of
a)
A tragedy of the commons
b)
An external cost
c)
A negative feedback loop
d)
A positive feedback loop
81.
Thick, spongy mats of low-growing plants, primarily grasses, mosses, and lichens, are typical of the
a)
arctic tundra
b)
coniferous forest
c)
tall-grass prairies
d)
tropical forests
82.
Species diversity can be quantified by using which of the following sets of data about an ecosystem?
a)
The number of species and the area
b)
The number of individual of each species and the net primary productivity
c)
The number of species and the number of individuals of each species
d)
The number of individuals of each species and the area
83.
Most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the
a)
Euphotic zone
b)
Benthic zone
c)
Littoral zone
d)
Abyssal zone
84.
Trees of the tropical forest are characterized by leaves that are
a)
broadleaf and fall seasonally
b)
needlelike and fall seasonally
c)
needlelike and evergreen
d)
broadleaf and evergreen
85.
Of those listed below, the earliest stage of the succession of a lake after cultural eutrophication will most likely result in
a)
A mature forest community
b)
A young pine forest
c)
A meadow
d)
A series of hills covered with grasses
86.
The greatest marine biodiversity is located
a)
in the sunlit region of the open ocean
b)
in the surface region of the ocean
c)
under the polar ice caps
d)
in coral reefs
87.
Protected areas linking isolated reserves is a design called
a)
habitat corridors
b)
buffer zone concept
c)
wilderness concept
d)
transition zones
88.
Human input of which of the following, mostly from fertilizers, has doubled since 1860 and causes eutrophication of marine and freshwater systems?
a)
carbon
b)
hydrogen
c)
nitrogen
d)
sulfur
89.
Industrialized fishing has become highly mechanized. Which of the following is not one of the major methods used to harvest marine fishes?
a)
trawler fishing
b)
purse-seine fishing
c)
rod and reel fishing
d)
long-lining
90.
This is a method in which cattle are confined by portable fencing to one area for a short time (1-2 days) and then moved to a new location.
a)
habitat fragmentation
b)
overgrazing
c)
rotational grazing
d)
biodiversity hotspots Option 4 (optional)
91.
This occurs when a large, intact area of habitat such as a forest or natural grassland is divided, typically by roads, logging operations, crop fields, and urban development, into smaller, isolated patches or "habitat islands".
a)
habitat fragmentation
b)
overgrazing
c)
rotational grazing
d)
biodiversity hotspots Option 4 (optional)
92.
These are areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction.
a)
habitat fragmentation
b)
overgrazing
c)
rotational grazing
d)
biodiversity hotspots Option 4 (optional)
93.
This occurs when too many animals graze for too long, damaging the grasses and their roots, and exceeding the carrying capacity of a rangeland area.
a)
habitat fragmentation
b)
overgrazing
c)
rotational grazing
d)
biodiversity hotspots Option 4 (optional)
94.
These are unwanted fish, marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds caught.
a)
habitat fragmentation
b)
bycatch
c)
rotational grazing
d)
biodiversity hotspots Option 4 (optional)
95.
Which of the following is a market-based policy that sells permits to firms to release a certain amount of emissions. This system also allows firms to buy and sell these permits if they release more or less emissions than their allowed maximum.
a)
individual transfer rights system
b)
community-based management system
c)
co-management systems
d)
cap and trade system
96.
The United Nations and conservationists around the world are using a design in which an inner core of a reserve is surrounded by two protective areas. This design is known as
a)
habitat corridors
b)
buffer zone concept
c)
wilderness concept
d)
reserve concept
97.
Which of the following countries is not observing the international moratorium on commercial whaling?
a)
United States
b)
Australia
c)
Great Britain
d)
Norway
98.
The direct threat of climate change to marine habitat is
a)
increase in carbon storage in oceans
b)
spread of tropical diseases
c)
decreased salinity of water Option 3 (optional)
d)
[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]
rising sea levels
[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif][if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="371"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footer"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of figures"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope return"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="line number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="page number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of authorities"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="macro"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toa heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Closing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Message Header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Salutation"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Date"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Note Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Block Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Contemporary"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Elegant"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Professional"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif][if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]99.
Which of the following provides a damping effect on storm-driven waves and tsunamis, and will help reduce the impact of rising sea levels from global climate change?
a)
continental shelf
b)
estuaries
c)
mangrove forests
d)
coral reefs
100.
Four of the following are reasons protecting marine biodiversity is difficult; one is not. Choose the one that is not.
a)
Human ecological footprint is expanding.
b)
Much of the damage is not visible to most people.
c)
Oceans lie outside the legal jurisdiction of any country
d)
There is no understanding of what needs to be done.
101.
Many scientists and policy makers are suggesting an ecosystem approach to sustain aquatic systems. The cornerstone of this would include establishment of fully protected
a)
marine reserves
b)
benthic zones
c)
high seas zones
d)
wildlife reserves
102.
The traditional approach to estimating fish populations is the
a)
potential sustained yield
b)
minimum sustained yield
c)
commercial sustained yield
d)
maximum sustained yield
103.
The newer approach to estimating fish populations, one which takes into account interactions between species and has more room for error, is
a)
maximum sustained yield
b)
minimum sustained yield
c)
potential sustained yield
d)
optimum sustained yield
104.
Some countries use market-based systems to help control access to fisheries. One such program is the
a)
cap and trade system
b)
total allowable catch system
c)
co-management systems
d)
individual transfer rights system
105.
The National Wild and Scenic River Act, passed in 1968, protects designated rivers from all of the following, except
a)
widening
b)
straightening
c)
dredging
d)
watershed destruction
106.
Which of the following is a major threat to biodiversity and ecological function of the Great Lakes?
a)
invasive nonnative species
b)
ocean sea level rise
c)
saltwater intrusion
d)
acidification
107.
Ecological Services of rivers include all of the following except
a)
deliver nutrient to seas to help sustain fisheries
b)
purify water
c)
renew and nourish wetlands
d)
remove silt that accumulates in deltas
108.
HIPPCO is an acronym that aids in remembering
a)
the names of extinct species
b)
African animals that are threatened with extinction
c)
threats to the world's biodiversity
d)
the names of international treaties dealing with endangered species
109.
Which of the following is the primary limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of a biome?
a)
nutrients
b)
soil type
c)
light
d)
precipitation
110.
"Widely scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, alternating dry and wet seasons, with herds of herbivores" are the characteristics of which of the following?
a)
tall-grass prairie
b)
temperate grassland
c)
savanna
d)
tundra
111.
Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in which of the following?
a)
soil nutrients
b)
rainfall
c)
temperature
d)
light
112.
If you are walking through a forest dense with oak and hickory trees and thick with leaf litter underfoot, you would assume you are in a
a)
temperate rain forest
b)
tropical savanna
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
tropical rain forest
113.
In a convection cell, warm air _____ and the moisture in the air condenses into precipitation; the air then dries and moves from an area of _____ pressure to an area of ______ pressure where it cools, sinks to the ground and _______ moisture from the soil below.
a)
Rises; high; low; withdraws
b)
Sinks; high; low; withdraws
c)
Sinks; low; high; deposits
d)
Rises; high; low; deposits
114.
The rain shadow effect refers to
a)
moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
b)
drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
c)
more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges
d)
less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges
115.
Biomes are characterized by certain types of
a)
climate and dominant plant life
b)
dominant plant life and temperature
c)
light and temperature
d)
climate and light
116.
Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles through nature?
a)
Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis
b)
Carbon compounds rarely exist in gaseous
c)
Carbon sinks include forests and oceans
d)
The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees
117.
The consumption of mosquitoes by bass and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in a mountainous area of Central America are examples of
a)
Adaptive radiation
b)
Ecosystem services
c)
Evolution by natural selection
d)
Ecological equilibrium
118.
This cycle does not include the atmosphere, and is a slow cycle driven by the slow erosion of rocks; this nutrient is required by organisms to create nucleic acids and energy transfer molecules such as ATP and ADP.
a)
Nitrogen Cycle
b)
Phosphorous Cycle
c)
Sulfur Cycle
d)
Hydrological Cycle
119.
This cycle occurs more rapidly near the equator due to powerful solar rays striking plants causing transpiration.
a)
Nitrogen Cycle
b)
Phosphorous Cycle
c)
Sulfur Cycle
d)
Hydrological Cycle
120.
This nutrient is often stored underground in rocks, minerals and salts then released during volcanic activity; can also be released during forest fires and seaspray; the nutrient is used as an essential component of many proteins.
a)
Nitrogen Cycle
b)
Phosphorous Cycle
c)
Sulfur Cycle
d)
Hydrological Cycle
121.
This cycle includes exchange of a nutrient through photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
a)
Nitrogen Cycle
b)
Carbon Cycle
c)
Sulfur Cycle
d)
Hydrological Cycle
Reset
