WorksheetsEPI 280 Exam 1 Review
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A design in which subjects are not randomly assigned to treatments is referred to as what type of study design?
a)
Quasi-experimental design
b)
Double-blind design
c)
Per protocol design
d)
Cross-sectional design
2.
Which study type is generally conducted without first establishing a hypothesis?
a)
A clinical trial
b)
A cohort study
c)
A case series
d)
A case control study
3.
Which type of study design is the most important type of study in determining the rare side effects of a drug that occur with long-term usage?
a)
A clinical trial
b)
A cohort study
c)
A case control study
d)
A cross over trial
4.
The applicability of the research results to a specific population obtained from a biostatistics study is best determined by which of the following?
a)
The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study
b)
Whether or not the study was randomized
c)
How the data obtained in the study is managed
d)
The specifics of the study�s treatment protocol
5.
A disease that has a low prevalence but high incidence rate is best described as which of the following types of diseases?
a)
A noncontagious acute illness
b)
A contagious acute illness
c)
A noncontagious chronic illness
d)
A contagious chronic illness
6.
The relative risk of developing lung cancer among individuals who smoke is 15.0. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of this information?
a)
Individuals who have lung cancer are 15.0% more likely to smoke than individuals who do not have lung cancer.
b)
Individuals who have lung cancer are 15.0 times more likely to smoke than individuals who do not have lung cancer.
c)
Individuals who smoke are 15.0 times more likely to develop lung cancer than individuals who do not smoke.
d)
Individuals who smoke are 15.0% more likely to develop lung cancer than individuals who do not smoke.
7.
Marital status (married, separated, divorced, single) is best defined as which of the following types of variables?
a)
Dichotomous variable
b)
Ordinal variable
c)
Categorical variable
d)
Continuous variable
8.
A study is being conducted to determine the prevalence of lung cancer in a population and the researchers want to note the frequency of each particular stage of cancer among the members of the population who have lung cancer; in this case the stage of cancer is best defined as which of the following types of variables?
a)
Dichotomous variable
b)
Ordinal variable
c)
Categorical variable
d)
Continuous variable
9.
A researcher decides to take a random sample of individuals from the population and then track their sugar intake. Assuming the data collected on each individual will be classified into different levels of intake including little to no sugar intake, moderate sugar intake, and high sugar intake, which type of graph would allow the researcher to best represent the data they have collected?
a)
Box plot
b)
Bar chart
c)
Histogram
d)
Pie chart
10.
What is the median for the following set of scores:
1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 23
1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 23
a)
6
b)
6.5
c)
7
d)
8
11.
What is the mode for the following sample of n=8 scores:
0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3
0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3
a)
1
b)
1.5
c)
13/8 = 1.625
d)
3
12.
A sample consists of n=16 scores. How many of the scores are used to calculate the range?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
16
13.
Which of the following symbols identifies the sample variance?
a)
s
b)
s2
c)
σ
d)
σ2
14.
A population of N=100 scores has μ=30 and σ=4. What is the population variance?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
16
15.
A researcher uses an anonymous survey to investigate the study habits of American college students. The entire group of American college students is an example of:
a)
a sample
b)
a statistic
c)
a population
d)
a parameter
16.
A researcher uses an anonymous survey to investigate the study habits of American college students. Based on the set of 56 surveys that were completed and returned, the researcher finds that these students spend an average of 4.1 hours each week working on course material outside of class. For this study, the average of 4.1 hours is an example of:
a)
a parameter
b)
a statistic
c)
a population
d)
a sample
17.
The relationship between a statistic and a parameter is the same as the relationship between:
a)
a sample and a poulation
b)
a statistic and a parameter
c)
a parameter and a population
d)
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
18.
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
a)
the age of each student in a statistics class
b)
the gender of each student in a statistics class
c)
the grade earned (A, B, C, D, F) by each student in a statistics class
d)
none of the above
19.
Determining a person's reaction time (in milliseconds) would involve measurement on a(n) _________ scale of measurement.
a)
nominal
b)
ordinal
c)
interval
d)
ratio
20.
A measure of the proportion of persons in the population with a certain disease at a given time,
a)
Prevalence
b)
None of these are correct!
c)
Incidence
d)
Outbreak
21.
The number of deaths or new cases of a condition, symptoms or injury that arises during a specific period of time, such as a year is called:
a)
Mortality rate
b)
Outbreak
c)
Incidence
d)
Prevalence
22.
Using letters from the table, how do we calculate the odds of disease among the exposed?
a)
a/b
b)
a/c
c)
(a+b)/(a+b+c+d)
d)
b/a
23.
Using letters from the table, how do we calculate the odds ratio?
a)
(a/b) + (c/d)
b)
(a/b)/(c/d)
c)
(a+b)/(c+d)
d)
(a+c)/(b+d)
24.
How would you interpret the RR = 20.0 comparing exposed to unexposed?
a)
Risk in exposed = Risk in non-exposed (no relationship)
b)
Risk in exposed > Risk in non-exposed (positive relationship)
c)
Risk in exposed < Risk in non-exposed (negative relationship)
d)
Unable to determine, not enough information
25.
_____ is the number of people who develop a disease or condition over a certain period of time (new cases).
a)
Incidence
b)
Prevalence
c)
Morbidity
d)
Mortality
26.
Which statement accurately reflects OR = 24.75 where cancer is the outcome and smoking is the risk factor?
a)
Those who did not smoke are 24.75 times more likely to develop cancer compared to those who did smoke.
b)
The odds of cancer among smokers is 24.75 times the odds for non-smokers.
c)
There is not enough information to interpret the finding.
d)
The development of cancer is 24.75 times less likely among those who smoked compared to those who did not smoked.
27.
In which situation would it be most appropriate to use the mean of the set of numbers to describe the data set instead of the median?
a)
152, 157, 159, 163, 164, 165, 976
b)
0, 899, 906, 912, 915, 917, 919
c)
0, 57, 847, 859, 866, 866, 872
d)
165, 165, 177, 178, 186, 199, 211
28.
Which of the following SAS filenames indicates a permanent file?
a)
apples
b)
work.apples
c)
data.apples
d)
none of the above
29.
Which SAS procedure provides a list of the variable names in the dataset?
a)
PROC PRINT
b)
PROC CONTENTS
c)
PROC MEANS
d)
PROC SORT
30.
What is the default setting in SAS for sorting numerical data in a variable?
a)
ascending (smallest to largest)
b)
descending (largest to smallest)
c)
alphabetical
d)
there is no default
31.
What level of measurement are variables that are represented in a 2x2 table?
a)
ordinal
b)
ratio
c)
nominal
d)
continuous
32.
Which of the following is a ratio measure?
a)
population attributable risk
b)
prevalence
c)
incidence
d)
relative risk
33.
Which one of these statistics is unaffected by outliers?
a)
mean
b)
interquartile range
c)
standard deviation
d)
range
34.
If on a group of 457 patients, for a risk factor we calculated a Relative Risk RR= 12.74, the possibility of developing the disease being investigated is:
a)
very high when exposed to the risk factor compared to when not exposed to the risk factor
b)
very small when exposed to the risk factor compared to when not exposed to the risk factor
c)
the same in the case of exposure in the case of non-exposure
d)
lower in the exposed than in the unexposed
35.
Which of the following is an advantage of a case control study?
a)
Bias in the assessment of exposure to the risk factor is minimized.
b)
Multiple disease outcomes following a selected exposure can be studied
c)
There is less dependence on recall by study participants
d)
It may be used to study the etiology of a rare disease.
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