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Anatomy II

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following structures allows the pressure in the middle ear to equalize with the pressure in the outer ear?
a)
pharyngotympanic tube
b)
tympanic membrane
c)
round window
2.
Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers stimulates receptors in the:
a)
bony labyrinth
b)
utricle and saccule
c)
basilar membrane
3.
What is NOT part of the inner ear?
a)
tympanic membrane
b)
cochlea
c)
vestibule
4.
What supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?
a)
tympanic membrane
b)
basilar membrane
c)
tectorial membrane
5.
What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
a)
cochlea
b)
saccule
c)
utricle
6.
Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?
a)
temporal lobe
b)
parietal lobe
c)
occipital lobe
7.
The loud sound of a police siren will cause __________.
a)
weak vibrations of the endolymph and basilar membrane farther up the cochlea
b)
weak vibrations of the endolymph and basilar membrane at the base of the cochlea
c)
strong vibrations of the endolymph and basilar membrane at the base of the cochlea
8.
When sound waves bend stereocilia, what happens?
a)
Hair cells hyperpolarize as potassium flows into the cell through open channels.
b)
Hair cells depolarize, releasing neurotransmitter, and triggering an action potential.
c)
The force of the sound waves is converted into mechanical energy.
9.
Vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the cochlea via the __________.
a)
oval window
b)
auricle
c)
round window
10.

As sound waves travel into the ear, they pass from the auditory canal to the:

a)

tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, endolymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.

b)

tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.

c)

tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.

11.
The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the:
a)
basilar membrane.
b)
scala vestibule.
c)
tectorial membrane
12.
A disorder called osteogenesis imperfecta damages the auditory ossicles and results in hearing loss. Why?
a)
because the vestibulocochlear nerve is impaired
b)
because sound is not transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
c)
because sound is not transmitted to the tympanic membrane
13.
The bending of stereocilia depolarizes or hyperpolarizes hair cells within the utricle and saccule and promote a sensation of:
a)
linear movement of the head.
b)
turning of the head to the left or right.
c)
sound
14.
What detects dynamic equilibrium?
a)
crista ampullaris
b)
utricle and saccule
c)
cochlea
15.
What detects dynamic equilibrium?
a)
crista ampullaris
b)
utricle and saccule
c)
cochlea
16.
The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input from:
a)
proprioceptors in muscles and joints 
b)
the visual system
c)
the cochlea
17.
Which of the following demonstrates static equilibrium?
a)
riding in an elevator
b)
sitting in a movie theater to watch a film
c)
riding in a car
18.
The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the:
a)
maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule.
b)
ampullae of the semicircular canals
19.
If you are sitting in class and you nod to respond "yes," this will be detected by the structures involved in __________.
a)
static equilibrium
b)
dynamic equilibrium
c)
olfaction
20.
What description best matches the function of stereocilia?
a)
bending produces depolarization or hyperpolarization in hair cells
b)
move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
21.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information about sounds and head position and movement to the brain?
a)
vestibulocochlear nerve
b)
facial nerve
c)
optic nerve
22.

The Outer Ear consists of the:

a)

Auricle

b)

External auditory canals

c)

Cochlea

d)

Pharyngotympanic auditory tube

23.

The Round Window in the middle ear is responsible for:

a)

pressure accommodation

b)

drainage

c)

balance/equilibrium

d)

hearing

24.

The body labyrinth in the inner ear consists of:

a)

perilymph

b)

endolymph

25.

The membraneous labyrinth in the inner ear is filled with

a)

perilymph

b)

endolymph

26.

List all functions of Inflammation

a)

Limit the spread of pathogens by clotting, increasing blood flow, and special cells activate specific immune system

b)

Phagocyte mobilization

c)

Sets the stage for tissue repair

d)

stimulate white blood cell production

e)

decreases blood flow to slow down the spread of pathogens

27.

List all functions of Fever:

a)

stimulate white blood production

b)

directly kill pathogens

c)

contribute to increased tissue repair

d)

limit the spread of pathogens

e)

phagocyte mobilization

28.

Name all characteristics of the Cochlea

a)

converts pressure waves into nerve impulses

b)

filled with perilymph

c)

responsible for hearing

d)

located in the middle ear

29.

Static equilibrium

a)

gives information on body position (head position)

b)

activated in linear acceleration and deceleration

c)

gives information on rotational acceleration and deceleration

d)

receptors are in semicircular canals in crista amupullares

30.

Dynamic equilibrium

a)

gives information on rotational acceleration

b)

receptors are in semicircular canals in crista ampullares

c)

gives information on body position (head position)

d)

activated in linear acceleration and deceleration

31.

Which components of the ear are responsible for balance/equilibrium?

a)

Vestibule

b)

Semicircular canals

c)

Round window

d)

Pharyngotympanic auditory tube

32.

Which components of the ear are responsible for pressure accommodation?

a)

round window

b)

ossicles

c)

tympanic membrane

d)

pharyngotympanic auditory tube

33.

Pick all examples of a pathogen

a)

infectious organisms

b)

toxic chemicals

c)

radiation

d)

chemical irritations

34.

Non-specific Natural Resistances

a)

Inflammation, Fever

b)

Molecular defenses

c)

Physical & chemical barriers

d)

Cellular defenses

e)

Hormones

35.

Non-specific defenses

a)

Surface Barriers

b)

Leukocytes and Macrophages

c)

Future protection against pathogens

d)

Immunoglobulins

36.

Molecule that triggers fever

a)

pyrogen

b)

febrile

c)

lysozyme

d)

phagolysosome

37.

released by lymphocytes and infected cells; induces body cells to release antibody proteins; taken up by neighboring cells to block entry of infection to other cells

a)

Interferon

b)

Complement

c)

Iron-Binding Proteins

d)

Defensins

38.

Enhances phagocytosis called opsinization; breaks pathogens directly by destroying cell wall and help activiate acquired immune system

a)

Interferon

b)

Complement

c)

Iron-Binding Proteins

d)

Defensins

39.

Bacteria needs iron to replicate; by binding iron it is no longer available to bacteria

a)

Interferon

b)

Complement

c)

Iron-binding proteins

d)

Defensins

40.

found in neutrophil's cytoplasmic granules; are peptides that can kill bacteria, viruses, fungi by poking holes in the membrane

a)

interferon

b)

complement

c)

iron-binding proteins

d)

defensins

41.

Choose all professional macrophages

a)

neutrophil

b)

monocytes

c)

dendritic cells

d)

mast cells

e)

histiocytes

42.

Choose all fixed macrophages

a)

histiocytes

b)

Kupffer cells

c)

Osteoclast

d)

Microglial

e)

Dendritic cells

43.

Kills pathogens indiscriminately; destroys abnormal cells

a)

T-bells

b)

NK cells

c)

B-cells

44.

Lymphocytes

a)

NK cells

b)

T-cells

c)

B-cells

d)

Mast cells

45.

Travels to the thymus to mature

a)

T-cells

b)

B-cells

46.

Stays in the red bone marrow to mature

a)

T-cells

b)

B-cells

47.

Immunocompetant means:

a)

ability to carry out immune response

b)

antigen recognition

c)

recognize self cell from non-self cells

d)

neutralization

48.

CMI lymphocytes can directly attack pathogens and destroy pathogens that have the ability to hide from antibodies

a)

Cytotoxic T-cells

b)

Helper T-cells

c)

Memory T-cells

d)

B-cells

49.

involved in active killing

a)

Cytotoxic T-cells

b)

Helper T-cells

c)

Memory T-cells

50.

release cytokines that aid in activation

a)

Cytotoxic T-cells

b)

Helper T-cells

c)

Memory T-cells

51.

help with recognition on subsequent exposure

a)

Cytotoxic T-cells

b)

Helper T-cells

c)

Memory T-cells

52.

give rise to plasma cells which give off antibodies; do not directly kill and tag for destruction

a)

B-cells

b)

Cytotoxic T-cells

c)

Helper T-cells

d)

Memory T-cells

53.

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in the body

a)

IgG

b)

IgD

c)

IgA

d)

IgE

54.

Which immunoglobulin class is found on the surface of B-cells?

a)

IgD

b)

IgE

c)

IgG

d)

IgA

55.

Which immunoglobulin is most often associated with allergic reactions?

a)

IgD

b)

IgG

c)

IgE

56.

Which immunoglobulin class is mainly found in saliva, tears, mucus, breast milk and decrease in numbers due to stress?

a)

IgG

b)

IgD

c)

IgA

57.

Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to the fetus?

a)

IgG

b)

IgD

c)

IgE

58.

secrete their products into ducts which carry to body cavities or surface

a)

exocrine glands

b)

endocrine glands

59.

secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid. Diffuses into capillaries

a)

exocrine glands

b)

endocrine glands

60.

List all functions of the lymphatic system

a)

regulation of interstitial fluid volume

b)

absorption of dietary fats

c)

immune functions

d)

glands produce sebum and lactic acid

61.

After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels it is now called _______

a)

perilymph

b)

endolymph

c)

lymph

d)

antigens

62.

About how many lymph nodes do we have?

a)

501-700

b)

701-1000

c)

301-500

d)

1001-1350

63.

Select the immune cells that are found in the lymphatic tissue and nodes

a)

leukocytes

b)

dendritic cells

c)

neutrophils

d)

monocytes

64.

The ______ secretes hormones that enable it to carry out its primary function by generating T-cells to destroy pathogens

a)

thalamus

b)

thymus

c)

thyroid gland

65.

______ are proteins that enhance the immune responses and induce "flu-like" systems

a)

cytokines

b)

lysozyme

c)

phagolysosome

66.

_______ stimulate the production of neutrophils by the bone marrow, stimulating NK cells. triggering the production of certain types of interferons and activating T-cells

a)

interleukins

b)

cytokines

c)

phagolysosome

d)

lysozyme

67.

What initiates T-cell activation?

a)

beings with a cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules

b)

begins when a T-cell is ingested by a macrophage

c)

begins when the T-cell differentiates into effector cells and memory cells

68.

What cells are responsible for immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure?

a)

effector cells

b)

MHC molecules

c)

memory T-cells

d)

B-cells

69.

Which of the following secretes antibodies?

a)

memory B-cells

b)

plasma cells

70.

The primary immune response:

a)

produces peak antibody levels rapidly (1-3 days)

b)

occurs after the first exposure to an antigen

71.

Immunoglobulins are also known as

a)

antibodies

b)

antigens

c)

memory cells

72.

The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch.

a)

auditory

b)

vestibular

73.

Sound energy is converted into mechanical movements by the

a)

round window

b)

tympanic membrane

c)

cochlea

74.

Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals

a)

stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement.

b)

allows us to hear sounds.

75.

Motion sickness seems to ________.

a)

result from activation of nausea centers in the brain stem

b)

result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

c)

respond best to medication that "boosts" vestibular inputs

76.

T-cell activation requires ________.

a)

antigen binding and antibody production

b)

antigen binding and co-stimulation

77.

____________ antigens may cause allergic reactions.

a)

Incomplete

b)

IgE

c)

IgA

78.

There are cardinal signs for inflammation. What is the term for heat?

a)

calor

b)

dolor

c)

rubor

79.

There are cardinal signs for inflammation. What is the term for redness?

a)

calor

b)

rubor

c)

tumor

80.

There are cardinal signs for inflammation. What is the term for swelling?

a)

tumor

b)

calor

c)

dolor

81.

How do immune cells like phagocytes use chemicals to kill ingested pathogens?

a)

break them down with chemicals like lysozyme

b)

activates hormones to secrete chemicals to ward off pathogens

82.

Releases molecules that activate T-cells and B-cells

a)

Memory T-cells

b)

Cytotoxic T-cells

c)

Helper T-cells

83.

The middle ossicle in the ear is the ________.

a)

incus

b)

malleus

c)

stapes

84.

If the Hair cell in the cochlea is damaged, which type of deafness results?

a)

Sensioneural

b)

Tinnitus

c)

Vestibular nystagmus

85.

Where in the cochlea are the receptors for hearing located?

a)

otoliths

b)

hair cell receptors

c)

basilar membrane

86.

___________ are fixed macrophages found in the lungs

a)

Alveolar

b)

Osteoclast

c)

Kupffer cells

d)

Microglial

87.

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on

a)

which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.

b)

the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.

88.

Where in the cochlea are the receptors for hearing located?

a)

Organ of Corti in the Cochlear Duct.

b)

Oval Window

c)

Round Window

d)

semicircular canals

89.

Transduction for equilibrium occurs in which cell?

a)

Hair cell

b)

otoliths

90.

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals

a)

signals rotational movements.

b)

signals linear acceleration.

c)

signals body position with respect to gravity.

91.

The attraction of macrophages to chemicals in their environment is called _____________.

a)

chemotaxis

b)

phagocyte mobilization

c)

opsinization

92.

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?

a)

innate internal defenses

b)

adaptive defenses

c)

innate external defenses

93.

What cells make antibodies?

a)

plasma B-cells

b)

memory B-cells

c)

memory T-cells

94.

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?

a)

macrophages

b)

B-cells

c)

Cytotoxic T-cells

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