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Nutrients and Their Relation to Disease

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The three main groups of carbohydrates are:

a)

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

b)

glucose, fructose, galatose

c)

starch, cellulose, chitin

d)

There are no categories of carbohydrates

2.

The amount of stored energy in a lipid is ___________.

a)

9 kcal/g

b)

6 kcal/g

c)

0 kcal/g

d)

4 kcal/g

3.

Galactose is a product of the digestion of

a)

milk

b)

fruit

c)

breads

d)

vegetables

4.

The simple sugar to which all forms of carbohydrates are ultimately converted is

a)

sucrose

b)

glucose

c)

galactose

d)

maltose

5.

A fibrous form of carbohydrate that cannot be digested is

a)

glucose

b)

cellulose

c)

glycogen

d)

fat

6.

Glycogen is stored in the

a)

heart and lungs

b)

liver and muscles

c)

pancreas and gallbladder

d)

small and large intestines

7.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are

a)

polysaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

enzymes

d)

monosaccharides

8.

How do we get lactose?

a)

bread

b)

honey

c)

grain

d)

yogurt

9.

The only form of carbohydrate that the brain uses for energy is

a)

glycogen

b)

galactose

c)

glucose

d)

glucagon

10.

When insufficient carbohydrates are eaten, the liver produces

a)

galactose

b)

estrogen

c)

thyroxin

d)

ketones

11.

Starch is

a)

the form in which glucose is stored in plants

b)

a monosaccharide

c)

an insoluble form of dietary fiber

d)

found only in grains

12.

Insoluble dietary fiber

a)

can increase blood glucose

b)

can decrease blood cholestrol

c)

commonly causes diverticular disease

d)

is preferably provided by commercially prepared fiber products

13.

The enzyme in the mouth that begins the digestion of starch is

a)

salivary ptyalin

b)

salivary amylase

c)

sucrose

d)

lipase

14.

Cellulose is

a)

not digestible by humans

b)

not to be included in the human diet

c)

a monosaccharide

d)

an excellent substitute for dextrose

15.

Glucose metabolism is

a)

controlled mainly by the hormone insulin

b)

not affected by any secretion of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

c)

managed entirely by glucagon

d)

not related to human energy levels

16.

Proteins are essential because they are the only nutrient that contains

a)

nitrogen

b)

niacin

c)

hydrochloric acid

d)

carbon

17.

Corn, peas, and beans

a)

are complete protein foods

b)

are incomplete protein foods

c)

contain no protein

d)

lose proteins during cooking

18.

Protein deficiency may result in

a)

beriberi

b)

goiter

c)

edema

d)

leukemia

19.

Good sources of complete protein foods are

a)

eggs and ground beef

b)

breads and cereals

c)

butter and margarine

d)

legumes and nuts

20.

One gram of protein provides

a)

4 calories

b)

9 calories

c)

7 calories

d)

19 calories

21.

Proteins are broken down in the body to

a)

peptides

b)

ascorbic acid

c)

amino acids

d)

calories

22.

The primary function of protein is to

a)

build and repair body cells

b)

provide energy

c)

digest minerals and vitamins

d)

none of the above

23.

Once proteins reach the small intestine, chemical digestion continues through the action of

a)

rennin

b)

pancreatic enzymes

c)

bile

d)

hydrochloric acid

24.

It is unwise to regularly ingest excessive amounts of protein because

a)

it can cause positive nitrogen balance

b)

it may reduce the work of the kidneys

c)

it can contribute to the heart disease

d)

it may cause uremic poisoning

25.

The following symptoms describe Maramus except for

a)

protein deficient

b)

edema

c)

calorie malnutrition

d)

emaciated appearance

26.
The two types of vitamins
a)
Complete and Incomplete
b)
Blue and Green
c)
Water Soluble and Fat Soluble
d)
Pill and Food
27.
When our body is low in or missing an essential nutrient this is called a 
a)
deficiency
b)
devise
c)
without
d)
deficit
28.
A mineral found in dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables that builds and maintains healthy bones teeth and muscles
a)
Calcium 
b)
Zinc
c)
Iron 
d)
Sodium
29.

Which is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?

a)

Pellagra

b)

Beriberi

c)

Folate

d)

Scurvy

30.

How many calories are in water?

a)

2

b)

0

c)

3

d)

1

31.
The body’s only source of water comes from the liquids that people drink.
a)
True
b)
False
32.

The daily vitamin requirement is best supplied by

a)

eating a well-balanced diet

b)

eating one serving of citrus fruit for breakfast

c)

taking one of the many forms of vitamin supplements

d)

eating at least one serving of meat each day

33.

All of the following measures preserves the vitamin content of food except

a)

using raw vegetables and fruits

b)

preparing fresh vegetables and fruits just before serving

c)

adding raw, fresh vegetables to a small amount of cold water and heating to boiling

d)

storing fresh vegetables in a cool place

34.

Good sources of thiamine include

a)

citrus fruits and tomatoes

b)

wheat germ and liver

c)

carotene and fish liver oils

d)

nuts and milk

35.

Organ meats are good sources of the vitamins

a)

thiamine, riboflavin, and B12

b)

biotin and vitamin C

c)

vitamins E and K

d)

all of the above

36.

Fortified milk is a good source of

a)

vitamin E

b)

vitamin D

c)

vitamin K

d)

vitamin C

37.

The vitamin that aids in the prevention of rickets is

a)

vitamin A

b)

thiamine

c)

vitamin C

d)

vitamin D

38.

Vitamins commonly added to breads and cereals are

a)

vitamins A, D, and K

b)

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate

c)

vitamins E, B6, and B12

d)

ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, and folate

39.

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of

a)

vitamin B6

b)

folate

c)

vitamin B12

d)

vitamin A, C, and E

40.

Fluid within the cells is called

a)

interstitial fluid

b)

extracellular fluid

c)

intracellular fluid

d)

none of the above

41.

Intravascular fluid contains

a)

interstitial fluid

b)

extracellular fluid

c)

intracellular fluid

d)

none of the above

42.

In a mixture of sugar and water, water is the

a)

solute

b)

solvent

c)

solution

d)

none of the above

43.

Water

a)

is essential for hydrolysis

b)

causes hydrogenation

c)

reduces hypoproteinemia

d)

is produced by hypothyroidism

44.

Good sources of water include

a)

oranges and melon

b)

seafood and meats

c)

baked desserts and rice

d)

all of the above

45.

The solute in the extracellular fluid principally responsible for maintaining fluid balance is

a)

potassium

b)

phosphorus

c)

potassium

d)

sodium

46.

The solute in the intracellular fluid principally responsible for maintaining fluid balance is

a)

calcium

b)

phosphorus

c)

potassium

d)

sodium

47.

ADH causes the kidneys to

a)

reabsorb water

b)

conserve fluid

c)

release additional sodium

d)

excrete increased amounts of urine

48.

The amount of water needed by individuals

a)

varies from day to day

b)

is not affected by one's activities

c)

decreases with fever

d)

all of the above

49.

Thirst is a symptom of

a)

osmosis

b)

hydrolysis

c)

cellular edema

d)

dehydration

50.

What system in the body regulates acid-base balance?

a)

circulatory system

b)

buffer system

c)

respiratory system

d)

GI system

51.

What are the three electrolytes that maintain the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids?

a)

sodium, magnesium, phosphorus

b)

sodium, chloride, phosphorus

c)

sodium, chloride, potassium

d)

sodium, potassium, magnesium

52.

Fat-soluble vitamins

a)

cannot be stored in the body

b)

are lost easily during cooking

c)

are dissolved by water

d)

are slower than water-soluble vitamins to exhibit deficiencies

53.

Night blindness is caused by a deficiency of

a)

vitamin A

b)

thiamine

c)

niacin

d)

vitamin C

54.

Water-soluble vitamins include

a)

A, D, E, K

b)

A, B6, C

c)

thiamine, niacin, retinol

d)

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12

55.

Blindness can result from a severe lack of

a)

vitamin K

b)

vitamin A

c)

thiamine

d)

vitamin E

56.

Good sources of vitamin C are

a)

meats

b)

milk and milk products

c)

breads and cereals

d)

citrus fruits

57.

The vitamin that is necessary for the proper clotting of the blood is

a)

vitamin A

b)

vitamin K

c)

vitamin D

d)

niacin

58.

The vitamin known to prevent scurvy is

a)

vitamin A

b)

vitamin B complex

c)

vitamin C

d)

vitamin D

59.

The vitamin deficiency linked to neural tube defects such as spina bifida is

a)

vitamin K

b)

folate

c)

biotin

d)

vitamin E

60.

Minerals are in organic elements that

a)

help build and repair tissues

b)

are found only in bones

c)

provide energy when carbohydrates are lacking

d)

can substitute for proteins

61.

The trace minerals in the human body are defined as

a)

those minerals that cannot be detected in laboratory tests

b)

those essential minerals found in very small amounts

c)

those minerals that are not essential to health

d)

only those minerals that are found in the blood

62.

What mineral works with calcium to strengthen and maintain healthy bones and teeth?

a)

iron

b)

sulfur

c)

phosphorus

d)

molybdenum

63.

Phosphorus is found in

a)

poultry

b)

common table salt

c)

vegetable oils

d)

leafy vegetables

64.

The coloring matter of the blood is

a)

marrow

b)

lymph

c)

hemoglobin

d)

plasma

65.

The main causes of iron deficiency are

a)

malabsorption

b)

lack of stomach acid

c)

insufficient intake

d)

all of the above

66.

Some of the common signs of iron deficiency anemia are

a)

muscle spasms and pain in the liver

b)

bowed legs and an enlarged thyroid gland

c)

edema and loss of vision

d)

fatigue and weakness

67.

Iodine is essential to health because it

a)

is necessary for red blood cells

b)

strengthens bones and teeth

c)

helps the blood to carry oxygen to the cells

d)

affects the rate of metabolism

68.

Sodium is often restricted in cardiovascular conditions because it

a)

causes the heart to beat slowly

b)

encourages the growth of the heart

c)

contributes to edema

d)

raises the blood sugar

69.

Iron is known to be a necessary component of

a)

adipose tissue

b)

hemoglobin

c)

thyroxine

d)

amino acids

70.

Liquid from cooking vegetables should be used in preparing other dishes because

a)

mineral salts are soluble in water

b)

the hydrogen and oxygen in water aid the digestion of minerals

c)

the amino acids are soluble in water

d)

none of the above

71.

Goiter can result from a deficiency of

a)

manganese

b)

magnesium

c)

copper

d)

iodine

72.

A deficiency of calcium can cause

a)

lactose intolerance

b)

severe nausea

c)

tetany

d)

hypertension

73.

Sodium is especially important in

a)

the blood-clotting process

b)

curing osteoporosis

c)

the prevention of osteomalacia

d)

osmosis

74.

Sulfur

a)

is found only in bones and teeth

b)

is richly supplied in carbohydrates

c)

is found in all body cells

d)

deficiency is very common

75.

Hypokalemia is

a)

caused by an abnormal heartbeat

b)

caused by potassium deficiency

c)

often a precursor of hyperkalemia

d)

a common result of chronic overeating

76.

Delayed growth and hypogonadism are symptoms of what mineral deficiency?

a)

arsenic

b)

zinc

c)

selenium

d)

copper

77.

What type of milk is a good source of copper?

a)

soy milk

b)

cow's milk

c)

goat's milk

d)

human milk

78.

The building blocks of proteins are

a)

ascorbic acids

b)

amino acids

c)

nitrogen and sulfur only

d)

meat and fish

79.

Fats provide the most concentrated form of

a)

carbon

b)

oxygen

c)

lipase

d)

energy

80.

Adipose tissue is useful because it

a)

protects and insulates

b)

prevents eczema

c)

provides satiety

d)

can synthesize triglycerides

81.

Atherosclerosis is thought to increase the risk of

a)

cancer

b)

plaque

c)

heart attacks

d)

hypercholesterolemia

82.

A diet grossly deficient in fats may be deficient in

a)

lipase

b)

linoleic acid

c)

cholesterol

d)

triglycerides

83.

Invisible fats can be found in

a)

cake and cookies

b)

orange and tomato juice

c)

egg white and skim milk

d)

lettuce and tomatoes

84.

Plant foods that contain saturated fats are

a)

olives and avocados

b)

coconut and chocolate

c)

corn and soybeans

d)

cashew nuts and canola oil

85.

When a polyunsaturated vegetable oil is changed to a saturated fat, the process is called

a)

hydrolysis

b)

hypercholesterolemia

c)

hydrogenation

d)

hyperlipidemia

86.

Linoleic acid is one of the fatty acids that is known to be

a)

a triglyceride

b)

saturated

c)

monounsaturated

d)

essential to the human diet

87.

Cholesterol is

a)

not essential to the human diet

b)

thought to contribute to atherosclerosis

c)

not found in animal foods

d)

classified as a mineral

88.

Three groups of lipids found naturally in the human body and in food are triglycerides, phospholipids, and

a)

cortisone

b)

steroids

c)

sterols

d)

hydrogenated fats

89.

Fatty acids are organic compounds of carbon atoms and

a)

hydrogen atoms

b)

arachidonic acids

c)

triglycerides

d)

glycerol

90.

Cholesterol

a)

is found in both plants and animals

b)

is found only in plants

c)

does not contribute in any way to heart disease

d)

is a sterol

91.

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

a)

is sometimes called good cholesterol

b)

carries lipids to the cells

c)

is the same as lipase

d)

levels should be less than 40 mg/dl of human blood

92.

For digestion, fats require the help of gastric lipase,

a)

bile, and fatty acids

b)

bile, and pancreatic lipase

c)

pancreatic lipase, and glycerol

d)

cholesterol, and bile

93.

How many calories are in 13 grams of fat?

a)

117

b)

130

c)

210

d)

155

94.

Which would be the healthiest fat to use when frying a chicken?

a)

lard

b)

olive oil

c)

solid shortening

d)

canola oil

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