For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one another. This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as

White short-horned cattle and Black Angus cattle have been crossed to produce offspring with superior beef and rapid growth qualities. This process of choosing organisms with the most desirable traits for mating is known as

Which process is a common practice that has been used by farmers for hundreds of years to develop new plant and animal varieties?

One variety of strawberry is resistant to a damaging fungus, but produces small fruit. Another strawberry variety produces large fruit, but is not resistant to the same fungus. The two desirable qualities may be combined in a new variety of strawberry plant by

Selective breeding is a technique that is used to

Which genetic disorder is usually detected by analyzing a karyotype?

Base your answer on the diagram below of the chromosomes from a human cell and on your knowledge of biology.

The diagram represents a

What is a photograph of human chromosomes that may be studied to determine possible genetic disorders known as?

Which term best describes genes carried only on the X-chromosome?

The pedigree chart shows the pattern of inheritance for a sex-linked trait.

If this couple has another son, what is the probability that he will exhibit this sex-linked trait?

The pedigree chart represents the inheritance of color blindness through three generations.

Mary and Steve are expecting another child. What is the probability that the new baby will be colorblind?

Which is a true statement about the genotype of Alissa and Haley regarding color blindness?

The blood types of the individuals represented in the chart by 7 and 8 could be

The genotype of the individual represented in the chart by 5 is

Which individuals represented by the chart must be homozygous for blood type?

The best method for determining if a woman may be a carrier of the trait for color blindness is to

If a colorblind man marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness, it is most probable that

Which statement best describes the result of some of the processes involved in genetic engineering?

The results of which laboratory technique are represented in the diagram?

Which laboratory procedure has made possible the development of bacteria that can synthesize human insulin?

What is the name of an enlarged photograph of homologous chromosomes that is prepared for examination to detect chromosomal defects?

Which technique allows genetic information to be transferred from one organism to another, resulting in the formation of recombinant DNA?

In genetic engineering, the transfer of hereditary information from one species to another results in the formation of

The technique illustrated in the diagram is known as

Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown?

Base your answer on the diagram, which illustrates some steps in genetic engineering and on your knowledge of biology. What is the result of step 3?

The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories.What is this technique an example of?

Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that

Which statement best describes a population of organisms if cloning is the only method used to reproduce this population?

Which statement concerning an organism produced by cloning is correct?

What prevents scientists from cloning humans despite the fact that other mammals such as sheep have been cloned?

Which technique could be used to determine the relative number of bases in fragments taken from a sample of DNA?

The diagram below shows the results of a test that was done using DNA samples from three bears of different species. Each DNA sample was cut into fragments using a specific enzyme and placed in the wells as indicated below. The DNA fragments were then separated using gel electrophoresis.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of which property?

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are

The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel electrophoresis results is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

Which chemicals are used to cut DNA into fragments for a gel electrophoresis procedure?

Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists?

Which is the best way to determine if two people are genetically related?

The Human Genome Project

For a number of years, scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have been attempting to map every known human gene. By mapping, scientists mean that they are trying to find out on which of the 46 chromosomes each gene is located and exactly where on the chromosome the gene is located. By locating the exact positions of defective genes, scientists hope to cure diseases by replacing defective genes with normal ones. Scientists can use specific enzymes to cut out the defective genes and insert the normal genes. They must be careful to use the enzyme that will splice out only the target gene, since different enzymes will cut DNA at different locations.

While the human genome project should eventually improve the health of humans, many people are skeptical and apprehensive, believing that gene therapy would be working against nature and would have religious, moral, legal, and ethical implications.

What is the name of the process where scientists can replace defective genes with normal ones?